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Much of software-engineering research relies on the naturalness of code, the fact that code, in small code snippets, is repetitive and can be predicted using statistical language models like n-gram. Although powerful, training such models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Ahmed Khanfir , Matthieu Jimenez , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

Reliably generating structured outputs has become a critical capability for modern language model (LM) applications. Constrained decoding has emerged as the dominant technology across sectors for enforcing structured outputs during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Saibo Geng , Hudson Cooper , Michał Moskal , Samuel Jenkins , Julian Berman , Nathan Ranchin , Robert West , Eric Horvitz , Harsha Nori

Large Language Models (LLMs) have training corpora containing large amounts of program code, greatly improving the model's code comprehension and generation capabilities. However, sound comprehensive research on detecting program…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Yu Liu , Lang Gao , Mingxin Yang , Yu Xie , Ping Chen , Xiaojin Zhang , Wei Chen

Nowadays, developers increasingly rely on solutions powered by Large Language Models (LLM) to assist them with their coding tasks. This makes it crucial to align these tools with human values to prevent malicious misuse. In this paper, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Ali Al-Kaswan , Sebastian Deatc , Begüm Koç , Arie van Deursen , Maliheh Izadi

Understanding source code is a topic of great interest in the software engineering community, since it can help programmers in various tasks such as software maintenance and reuse. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Michele Carissimi , Martina Saletta , Claudio Ferretti

Pre-trained code models have emerged as the state-of-the-art paradigm for code search tasks. The paradigm involves pre-training the model on search-irrelevant tasks such as masked language modeling, followed by the fine-tuning stage, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Hande Dong , Jiayi Lin , Yanlin Wang , Yichong Leng , Jiawei Chen , Yutao Xie

Language models (LMs) can reproduce (or amplify) toxic language seen during training, which poses a risk to their practical application. In this paper, we conduct extensive experiments to study this phenomenon. We analyze the impact of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Canwen Xu , Zexue He , Zhankui He , Julian McAuley

Software clones are beneficial to detect security gaps and software maintenance in one programming language or across multiple languages. The existing work on source clone detection performs well but in a single programming language.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Mohammad A. Yahya , Dae-Kyoo Kim

Code intelligence leverages machine learning techniques to extract knowledge from extensive code corpora, with the aim of developing intelligent tools to improve the quality and productivity of computer programming. Currently, there is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Yao Wan , Yang He , Zhangqian Bi , Jianguo Zhang , Hongyu Zhang , Yulei Sui , Guandong Xu , Hai Jin , Philip S. Yu

When the training data are maliciously tampered, the predictions of the acquired deep neural network (DNN) can be manipulated by an adversary known as the Trojan attack (or poisoning backdoor attack). The lack of robustness of DNNs against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Ren Wang , Gaoyuan Zhang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Jinjun Xiong , Meng Wang

We propose and release a new vulnerable source code dataset. We curate the dataset by crawling security issue websites, extracting vulnerability-fixing commits and source codes from the corresponding projects. Our new dataset contains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Yizheng Chen , Zhoujie Ding , Lamya Alowain , Xinyun Chen , David Wagner

As software becomes increasingly complex and prone to vulnerabilities, automated vulnerability detection is critically important, yet challenging. Given the significant successes of large language models (LLMs) in various tasks, there is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Zeyu Gao , Hao Wang , Yuchen Zhou , Wenyu Zhu , Chao Zhang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that test-time scaling can substantially improve model performance on complex tasks, particularly in the coding domain. Under this paradigm, models use a larger token budget during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiaxin Fang , Runyuan He , Sahil Bhatia , Neel Gajare , Alvin Cheung

Neural networks are powering the deployment of embedded devices and Internet of Things. Applications range from personal assistants to critical ones such as self-driving cars. It has been shown recently that models obtained from neural nets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Erwan Le Merrer , Gilles Tredan

Language models for code (CodeLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for code-related tasks, outperforming traditional methods and standard machine learning approaches. However, these models are susceptible to security vulnerabilities, drawing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuchen Chen , Weisong Sun , Chunrong Fang , Zhenpeng Chen , Yifei Ge , Tingxu Han , Quanjun Zhang , Yang Liu , Zhenyu Chen , Baowen Xu

In recent years, the use of deep learning in language models gained much attention. Some research projects claim that they can generate text that can be interpreted as human-writing, enabling new possibilities in many application areas.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Juan Cruz-Benito , Sanjay Vishwakarma , Francisco Martin-Fernandez , Ismael Faro

Natural language processing has improved tremendously after the success of word embedding techniques such as word2vec. Recently, the same idea has been applied on source code with encouraging results. In this survey, we aim to collect and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Zimin Chen , Martin Monperrus

Security vulnerabilities present in a code that has been written in diverse programming languages are among the most critical yet complicated aspects of source code to detect. Static analysis tools based on rule-based patterns usually do…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Hael Abdulhakim Ali Humran , Ferdi Sonmez

The evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) for software engineering has shifted towards complex, repository-level tasks. However, existing benchmarks predominantly rely on coarse-grained pass rates that treat programming proficiency as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Lingyue Fu , Hao Guan , Bolun Zhang , Haowei Yuan , Yaoming Zhu , Jun Xu , Zongyu Wang , Lin Qiu , Xunliang Cai , Xuezhi Cao , Weiwen Liu , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Pre-trained language models have demonstrated powerful capabilities in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Recently, code pre-trained model (PTM), which draw from the experiences of the NLP field, have also achieved…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Yu Zhao , Lina Gong , Haoxiang Zhang , Yaoshen Yu , Zhiqiu Huang