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Social biases inherent in large language models (LLMs) raise significant fairness concerns. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architectures, which retrieve external knowledge sources to enhance the generative capabilities of LLMs, remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shweta Parihar , Lu Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen widespread deployment in various real-world applications. Understanding these biases is crucial to comprehend the potential downstream consequences when using LLMs to make decisions, particularly for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Abel Salinas , Parth Vipul Shah , Yuzhong Huang , Robert McCormack , Fred Morstatter

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked intense debate regarding the prevalence of bias in these models and its mitigation. Yet, as exemplified by both results on debiasing methods in the literature and reports of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 David F. Jenny , Yann Billeter , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

Language is far more than a communication tool. A wealth of information - including but not limited to the identities, psychological states, and social contexts of its users - can be gleaned through linguistic markers, and such insights are…

As the utilization of language models in interdisciplinary, human-centered studies grow, expectations of their capabilities continue to evolve. Beyond excelling at conventional tasks, models are now expected to perform well on user-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yuxiang Zhou , Hainiu Xu , Desmond C. Ong , Maria Liakata , Petr Slovak , Yulan He

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts, understanding their behavior in both factual and disputable scenarios is essential, especially when their outputs may shape public…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Sean Kim , Hyuhng Joon Kim

Most machine learning methods are known to capture and exploit biases of the training data. While some biases are beneficial for learning, others are harmful. Specifically, image captioning models tend to exaggerate biases present in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Kaylee Burns , Lisa Anne Hendricks , Kate Saenko , Trevor Darrell , Anna Rohrbach

Large Language Models (LLMs) have fundamentally transformed the field of natural language processing; however, their vulnerability to biases presents a notable obstacle that threatens both fairness and trust. This review offers an extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Kiana Kiashemshaki , Mohammad Jalili Torkamani , Negin Mahmoudi , Meysam Shirdel Bilehsavar

Despite being responsible for state-of-the-art results in several computer vision and natural language processing tasks, neural networks have faced harsh criticism due to some of their current shortcomings. One of them is that neural…

When exposed to human-generated data, language models are known to learn and amplify societal biases. While previous works introduced benchmarks that can be used to assess the bias in these models, they rely on assumptions that may not be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Angana Borah , Aparna Garimella , Rada Mihalcea

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in our daily lives, but numerous concerns about bias in LLMs exist. This study examines how gender-diverse populations perceive bias, accuracy, and trustworthiness in LLMs,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Aimen Gaba , Emily Wall , Tejas Ramkumar Babu , Yuriy Brun , Kyle Hall , Cindy Xiong Bearfield

Sociodemographic bias in language models (LMs) has the potential for harm when deployed in real-world settings. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the past decade of research on sociodemographic bias in LMs, organized into a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Vipul Gupta , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Shomir Wilson , Rebecca J. Passonneau

Large Language Models(LLMs) have revolutionized various applications in natural language processing (NLP) by providing unprecedented text generation, translation, and comprehension capabilities. However, their widespread deployment has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Rajesh Ranjan , Shailja Gupta , Surya Narayan Singh

Word embeddings learnt from massive text collections have demonstrated significant levels of discriminative biases such as gender, racial or ethnic biases, which in turn bias the down-stream NLP applications that use those word embeddings.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Masahiro Kaneko , Danushka Bollegala

All AI models are susceptible to learning biases in data that they are trained on. For generative dialogue models, being trained on real human conversations containing unbalanced gender and race/ethnicity references can lead to models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Eric Michael Smith , Adina Williams

Contextualized word embeddings have been replacing standard embeddings as the representational knowledge source of choice in NLP systems. Since a variety of biases have previously been found in standard word embeddings, it is crucial to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Marion Bartl , Malvina Nissim , Albert Gatt

Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in a wide range of applications, they have also been observed to perpetuate unwanted biases present in the training data, potentially leading to harm for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Schrasing Tong , Eliott Zemour , Jessica Lu , Rawisara Lohanimit , Lalana Kagal

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly employed for decision-support across multiple domains. We investigate whether these models display a systematic preferential bias in favor of artificial intelligence (AI) itself. Across three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Benaya Trabelsi , Jonathan Shaki , Sarit Kraus

Recent research has demonstrated that large pre-trained language models reflect societal biases expressed in natural language. The present paper introduces a simple method for probing language models to conduct a multilingual study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Karolina Stańczak , Sagnik Ray Choudhury , Tiago Pimentel , Ryan Cotterell , Isabelle Augenstein

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence, particularly in Large Language Models (LLMs), have transformed natural language processing by improving generative capabilities. However, detecting biases embedded within these models remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Suvendu Mohanty