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With generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), continuing to make inroads in healthcare, it is critical to supplement traditional automated evaluations with human evaluations. Understanding and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for automated evaluations and explaining them. However, concerns about explanation quality, consistency, and hallucinations remain open research challenges, particularly in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Vincent Freiberger , Arthur Fleig , Erik Buchmann

The rapid development and deployment of large language models (LLMs) have introduced a new frontier in artificial intelligence, marked by unprecedented capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, the increasing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Dan Shi , Tianhao Shen , Yufei Huang , Zhigen Li , Yongqi Leng , Renren Jin , Chuang Liu , Xinwei Wu , Zishan Guo , Linhao Yu , Ling Shi , Bojian Jiang , Deyi Xiong

Large language model (LLM)-driven AI systems are increasingly important for autonomous decision-making in dynamic and open environments. However, most existing systems rely on predefined tasks and fixed prompts, limiting their ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hong Su

The creation of systematic literature reviews (SLR) is critical for analyzing the landscape of a research field and guiding future research directions. However, retrieving and filtering the literature corpus for an SLR is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Lucas Joos , Daniel A. Keim , Maximilian T. Fischer

The rise of LLM-based agents has opened new frontiers in AI applications, yet evaluating these agents remains a complex and underdeveloped area. This survey provides an in-depth overview of the emerging field of LLM agent evaluation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Mahmoud Mohammadi , Yipeng Li , Jane Lo , Wendy Yip

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into critical decision-making pipelines, a trend that raises the demand for robust and automated data analysis. Current approaches to dataset risk analysis are limited to manual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Panteleimon Rodis

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, research shows that their effectiveness depends not only on explicit prompts but also on the broader context provided. This requirement is especially pronounced…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shaokang Jiang , Daye Nam

Large language models (LLMs) distinguish themselves from previous technologies by functioning as collaborative ``thought partners,'' capable of engaging more fluidly in natural language on a range of tasks. As LLMs increasingly influence…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in scientific research and discovery, supporting tasks ranging from literature retrieval and synthesis to hypothesis generation, autonomous experimentation, and research evaluation.…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Haoxuan Zhang , Ruochi Li , Yang Zhang , Ting Xiao , Jiangping Chen , Junhua Ding , Haihua Chen

Powerful new frontier AI technologies are bringing many benefits to society but at the same time bring new risks. AI developers and regulators are therefore seeking ways to assure the safety of such systems, and one promising method under…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Stephen Barrett , Philip Fox , Joshua Krook , Tuneer Mondal , Simon Mylius , Alejandro Tlaie

An increasing number of regulations propose AI audits as a mechanism for achieving transparency and accountability for artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Despite some converging norms around various forms of AI auditing, auditing for the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Khoa Lam , Benjamin Lange , Borhane Blili-Hamelin , Jovana Davidovic , Shea Brown , Ali Hasan

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world applications, scalable and rigorous safety evaluation is essential. This paper introduces Aymara AI, a programmatic platform for generating and administering…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Juan Manuel Contreras

Readers of applied-domain LLM capability evaluations want to know what AI systems can currently do. That literature answers a related, but consequentially different, question: what older, cheaper, less-elicited models could do months or…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-07 David Gringras , Misha Salahshoor

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to simulate human collective behaviors, yet the methodological rigor of these "AI societies" remains under-explored. Through a systematic audit of 39 recent studies, we identify six…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jiaxu Zhou , Jen-tse Huang , Xuhui Zhou , Man Ho Lam , Xintao Wang , Hao Zhu , Wenxuan Wang , Maarten Sap

Existing approaches to bias evaluation in large language models (LLMs) trade ecological validity for statistical control, relying either on artificial prompts that poorly reflect real-world use or on naturalistic tasks that lack scale and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Akram Elbouanani , Aboubacar Tuo , Adrian Popescu

Social cognitive theory explains how people learn and acquire knowledge through observing others. Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), which suggests their potential significance as agents in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ning Bian , Hongyu Lin , Peilin Liu , Yaojie Lu , Chunkang Zhang , Ben He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to translate the technical outputs of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods into accessible natural-language explanations. However, existing approaches often lack guarantees of…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in academic writing practices. Although numerous studies have explored how researchers employ these tools for scientific writing, their concrete implementation, limitations, and design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Brenda Nogueira , Werner Geyer , Andrew Anderson , Toby Jia-Jun Li , Dongwhi Kim , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh V. Chawla

Understanding how different stakeholders perceive risks in AI systems is essential for their responsible deployment. This paper presents a framework for stakeholder-grounded risk assessment by using LLMs, acting as judges to predict and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Srishti Yadav , Jasmina Gajcin , Erik Miehling , Elizabeth Daly