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Fragile quantum features such as entanglement are employed to improve the precision of parameter estimation and as a consequence the quantum gain becomes vulnerable to noise. As an established tool to subdue noise, quantum error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-09 Xiao-Ming Lu , Sixia Yu , C. H. Oh

Classical shadow tomography has emerged as a powerful framework for predicting properties of quantum many-body systems with favorable sample complexity. Standard theoretical guarantees, however, rely on the assumption that experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Leonardo Zambrano

We introduce Sketch Tomography, an efficient procedure for quantum state tomography based on the classical shadow protocol used for quantum observable estimations. The procedure applies to the case where the ground truth quantum state is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Xun Tang , Haoxuan Chen , Yuehaw Khoo , Lexing Ying

Since quantum computing is currently in the NISQ-Era, compilation strategies to reduce the number of gates executed on specific hardware are required. In this work, we utilize the concept of synthesis of a data structure called Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 David Winderl , Qunsheng Huang , Arianne Meijer-van de Griend , Richie Yeung

In this letter, we introduce a method to synthesize an $n$-qubit Clifford unitary $C$ from the stabilizer tableau of its inverse $C\dag$, using ancilla qubits and measurements. The procedure uses ancillary $|+\rangle$ states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Sowmitra Das

Estimation of the expectation value of observables is a key subroutine in quantum computing and is also the bottleneck of the performance of many near-term quantum algorithms. Many works have been proposed to reduce the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-05 Zi-Jian Zhang , Kouhei Nakaji , Matthew Choi , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Boson is one of the most basic types of particles and preserves the commutation relation. An efficient way to measure a bosonic system is important not only for simulating complex physics phenomena of bosons (such as nuclei) on a qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-28 Tianren Gu , Xiao Yuan , Bujiao Wu

In this paper, we study the problem of learning an unknown quantum circuit of a certain structure. If the unknown target is an $n$-qubit Clifford circuit, we devise an efficient algorithm to reconstruct its circuit representation by using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-29 Ching-Yi Lai , Hao-Chung Cheng

Learning quantum state properties is both a fundamental and practical problem in quantum information theory. Classical shadows have emerged as an efficient method for estimating properties of unknown quantum states, with rigorous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Hugo Thomas , Ulysse Chabaud , Pierre-Emmanuel Emeriau

We study single-copy stabilizer learning, the problem of identifying a stabilizer group of dimension $n-t$ from an $n$-qubit quantum state $\rho$. We obtain two complementary results. First, in the average case, logarithmic-depth local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Gyungmin Cho , Dohun Kim

We introduce a technique to estimate error-mitigated expectation values on noisy quantum computers. Our technique performs shadow tomography on a logical state to produce a memory-efficient classical reconstruction of the noisy density…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-15 Hong-Ye Hu , Ryan LaRose , Yi-Zhuang You , Eleanor Rieffel , Zhihui Wang

We introduce "holographic shadows", a new class of randomized measurement schemes for classical shadow tomography that achieves the optimal scaling of sample complexity for learning geometrically local Pauli operators at any length scale,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Shuhan Zhang , Xiaozhou Feng , Matteo Ippoliti , Yi-Zhuang You

Scalable realisation of quantum computing is reliant on the development of fault tolerant devices. Analysis of quantum error correction protocols typically considers incoherent noise models or noise-free syndrome measurements. While this is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Ben Harper , Azar C. Nakhl , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

Classical shadows are a versatile tool to probe many-body quantum systems, consisting of a combination of randomised measurements and classical post-processing computations. In a recently introduced version of the protocol, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Riccardo Cioli , Elisa Ercolessi , Matteo Ippoliti , Xhek Turkeshi , Lorenzo Piroli

We provide more sample-efficient versions of some basic routines in quantum data analysis, along with simpler proofs. Particularly, we give a quantum "Threshold Search" algorithm that requires only $O((\log^2 m)/\epsilon^2)$ samples of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-07 Costin Bădescu , Ryan O'Donnell

Variational algorithms are a promising paradigm for utilizing near-term quantum devices for modeling electronic states of molecular systems. However, previous bounds on the measurement time required have suggested that the application of…

A crucial subroutine for various quantum computing and communication algorithms is to efficiently extract different classical properties of quantum states. In a notable recent theoretical work by Huang, Kueng, and Preskill [Nat. Phys. 16,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-19 Ting Zhang , Jinzhao Sun , Xiao-Xu Fang , Xiao-Ming Zhang , Xiao Yuan , He Lu

Predicting features of complex, large-scale quantum systems is essential to the characterization and engineering of quantum architectures. We present an efficient approach for constructing an approximate classical description, called the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-26 Hsin-Yuan Huang , Richard Kueng

We introduce a model of non-unitary quantum dynamics that exhibits infinitely long-lived discrete spatiotemporal order robust against any unitary or dissipative perturbation. Ergodicity is evaded by combining a sequence of projective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-31 Max McGinley , Sthitadhi Roy , S. A. Parameswaran

We propose an all-linear-optical scheme to ballistically generate a cluster state for measurement-based topological fault-tolerant quantum computation using hybrid photonic qubits entangled in a continuous-discrete domain. Availability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-12 S. Omkar , Y. S. Teo , H. Jeong
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