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Comparison of programming languages is a common topic of discussion among software engineers. Multiple programming languages are designed, specified, and implemented every year in order to keep up with the changing programming paradigms,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-04-06 Zakaria Alomari , Oualid El Halimi , Kaushik Sivaprasad , Chitrang Pandit

This project report attempts to evaluate the educational properties of the Python computer language, in practice. This is done by examining computer language evolution history, related scientific background work, the existing educational…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2008-09-10 Fotis Georgatos

REC (REGULAR EXPRESSION COMPILER) is a programming language of simple structure developed originally for the PDP-8 computer of the Digital Equipment, Corporation, but readily adaptable to any other general purpose computer. It has been used…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2011-07-15 Harold V. McIntosh

This paper proposes {\pi}, a formal semantic framework for compiler construction together with program validation. {\pi} is comprised by {\pi} Lib, a set of programming languages constructs inspired by Peter Mosses' Component-Based…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Christiano Braga

Python is known to be a versatile language, well suited both for beginners and advanced users. Some elements of the language are easier to understand than others: some are found in any kind of code, while some others are used only by…

Language modeling studies the probability distributions over strings of texts. It is one of the most fundamental tasks in natural language processing (NLP). It has been widely used in text generation, speech recognition, machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Chengwei Wei , Yun-Cheng Wang , Bin Wang , C. -C. Jay Kuo

The landscape of Large Language Models remains predominantly English-centric, resulting in a significant performance gap for other major languages, such as French, especially in the context of Small Language Models (SLMs). Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Maxence Lasbordes , Sinoué Gad

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have become widely popular and widely used in various software engineering tasks such as refactoring, testing, code review, and program comprehension. Although recent studies have examined the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Luo Xu , Sofia Martinez , Anthony Peruma , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Christian D. Newman , Ali Ouni

Large language models (LLMs) are predominantly trained on English-centric data, resulting in uneven performance for smaller languages. We study whether continued pretraining (CPT) can substantially improve Estonian capabilities in a…

Expertise in programming traditionally assumes a binary novice-expert divide. Learning resources typically target programmers who are learning programming for the first time, or expert programmers for that language. An underrepresented, yet…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Nischal Shrestha , Titus Barik , Chris Parnin

We leverage generative large language models for language learning applications, focusing on estimating the difficulty of foreign language texts and simplifying them to lower difficulty levels. We frame both tasks as prediction problems and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Henri Jamet , Yash Raj Shrestha , Michalis Vlachos

Sharing process models on the web has emerged as a common practice. Users can collect and share their experimental process models with others. However, some users always feel confused about the shared process models for lack of necessary…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Chen Qian , Lijie Wen , Akhil Kumar

Artificial intelligence is making spectacular progress, and one of the best examples is the development of large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's GPT series. In these lectures, written for readers with a background in mathematics or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Michael R. Douglas

The subject of this paper is the technology (the "how") of constructing machine-learning interatomic potentials, rather than science (the "what" and "why") of atomistic simulations using machine-learning potentials. Namely, we illustrate…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-07-20 Ivan S. Novikov , Konstantin Gubaev , Evgeny V. Podryabinkin , Alexander V. Shapeev

Language models are not accurate in numerical problems. Their architecture does not allow for anything less than a probabilistic next word. This paper introduces ComputeGPT: an approach of creating a chat model able to answer computational…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Ryan Hardesty Lewis , Junfeng Jiao

ECLiPSe is a Prolog-based programming system, aimed at the development and deployment of constraint programming applications. It is also used for teaching most aspects of combinatorial problem solving, e.g. problem modelling, constraint…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2010-12-21 Joachim Schimpf , Kish Shen

Programmers may be hesitant to use declarative systems, because of the associated learning curve. In this paper, we present an API that integrates the IDP Knowledge Base system into the Python programming language. IDP is a state-of-the-art…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-11-04 Joost Vennekens

Building language models (LMs), especially small and medium ones, remains more art than science. While large LMs often improve by sheer scale, it is still unclear why many design choices work. For small LMs, this uncertainty is more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Richard Diehl Martinez , David Demitri Africa , Yuval Weiss , Suchir Salhan , Ryan Daniels , Paula Buttery

PEPit is a Python package aiming at simplifying the access to worst-case analyses of a large family of first-order optimization methods possibly involving gradient, projection, proximal, or linear optimization oracles, along with their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Baptiste Goujaud , Céline Moucer , François Glineur , Julien Hendrickx , Adrien Taylor , Aymeric Dieuleveut

ChatGPT, an implementation and application of large language models, has gained significant popularity since its initial release. Researchers have been exploring ways to harness the practical benefits of ChatGPT in real-world scenarios.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Yong Zheng
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