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Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a popular algorithm for optimization problems arising in high-dimensional inference tasks. Here one produces an estimator of an unknown parameter from independent samples of data by iteratively…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-23 Gerard Ben Arous , Reza Gheissari , Aukosh Jagannath

A commonly used heuristic in non-convex optimization is Normalized Gradient Descent (NGD) - a variant of gradient descent in which only the direction of the gradient is taken into account and its magnitude ignored. We analyze this heuristic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Kfir Y. Levy

We study the foundations of variational inference, which frames posterior inference as an optimisation problem, for probabilistic programming. The dominant approach for optimisation in practice is stochastic gradient descent. In particular,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Basim Khajwal , C. -H. Luke Ong , Dominik Wagner

The optimization algorithms are crucial in training physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), as unsuitable methods may lead to poor solutions. Compared to the common gradient descent (GD) algorithm, implicit gradient descent (IGD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Xianliang Xu , Ting Du , Wang Kong , Bin Shan , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

Gradient descent based optimization methods are the methods of choice to train deep neural networks in machine learning. Beyond the standard gradient descent method, also suitable modified variants of standard gradient descent involving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Steffen Dereich , Arnulf Jentzen , Adrian Riekert

The non-asymptotic analysis of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) typically yields bounds that decompose into a bias term and a variance term. In this work, we focus on the bias component and study the extent to which SGD can match the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-02 Daniel Cortild , Lucas Ketels , Juan Peypouquet , Guillaume Garrigos

A popular heuristic for improved performance in Generative adversarial networks (GANs) is to use some form of gradient penalty on the discriminator. This gradient penalty was originally motivated by a Wasserstein distance formulation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau , Ioannis Mitliagkas

To improve the robustness of deep classifiers against adversarial perturbations, many approaches have been proposed, such as designing new architectures with better robustness properties (e.g., Lipschitz-capped networks), or modifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Mahyar Fazlyab , Taha Entesari , Aniket Roy , Rama Chellappa

Tuning hyperparameters, such as the stepsize, presents a major challenge of training machine learning models. To address this challenge, numerous adaptive optimization algorithms have been developed that achieve near-optimal complexities,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-07 Florian Hübler , Junchi Yang , Xiang Li , Niao He

Under mild assumptions stochastic gradient methods asymptotically achieve an optimal rate of convergence if the arithmetic mean of all iterates is returned as an approximate optimal solution. However, in the absence of stochastic noise, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-06 Melinda Hagedorn , Florian Jarre

We study the convergence dynamics of Gradient Descent (GD) in a minimal binary classification setting, consisting of a two-neuron ReLU network and two training instances. We prove that even under these strong simplifying assumptions, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Guy Smorodinsky , Sveta Gimpleson , Itay Safran

This paper is concerned with multi-agent optimization problem. A distributed randomized gradient-free mirror descent (DRGFMD) method is developed by introducing a randomized gradient-free oracle in the mirror descent scheme where the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-12 Zhan Yu , Daniel W. C. Ho , Deming Yuan

Stochastic gradient descent is one of the most successful approaches for solving large-scale problems, especially in machine learning and statistics. At each iteration, it employs an unbiased estimator of the full gradient computed from one…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-12-05 Bangti Jin , Xiliang Lu

In overparameterized logistic regression, gradient descent (GD) iterates diverge in norm while converging in direction to the maximum $\ell_2$-margin solution -- a phenomenon known as the implicit bias of GD. This work investigates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jingfeng Wu , Peter Bartlett , Matus Telgarsky , Bin Yu

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is one of the most widely used techniques for online optimization in machine learning. In this work, we accelerate SGD by adaptively learning how to sample the most useful training examples at each time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-16 Guillaume Bouchard , Théo Trouillon , Julien Perez , Adrien Gaidon

We study a type of Riemannian gradient descent (RGD) algorithm, designed through Riemannian preconditioning, for optimization on $\mathcal{M}_k^{m\times n}$ -- the set of $m\times n$ real matrices with a fixed rank $k$. Our analysis is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-15 Shuyu Dong , Bin Gao , Wen Huang , Kyle A. Gallivan

Gradient Descent (GD) is a ubiquitous algorithm for finding the optimal solution to an optimization problem. For reduced computational complexity, the optimal solution $\mathrm{x^*}$ of the optimization problem must be attained in a minimum…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-01 Revati Gunjal , Sushama Wagh , Syed Shadab Nayyer , Alex Stankovic , Navdeep M. Singh

Stochastic optimization plays a crucial role in the advancement of deep learning technologies. Over the decades, significant effort has been dedicated to improving the training efficiency and robustness of deep neural networks, via various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Huixiu Jiang , Ling Yang , Yu Bao , Rutong Si , Sikun Yang

A major challenge in training large-scale machine learning models is configuring the training process to maximize model performance, i.e., finding the best training setup from a vast design space. In this work, we unlock a gradient-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-19 Logan Engstrom , Andrew Ilyas , Benjamin Chen , Axel Feldmann , William Moses , Aleksander Madry

Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is a nonparametric supervised learning method, widely valued for its ability to quantify uncertainty. Despite its advantages and broad applications, classical GPR implementations face significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Junpeng Hu , Jinglai Li , Lei Zhang , Shi Jin
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