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We consider concurrent mean-payoff games, a very well-studied class of two-player (player 1 vs player 2) zero-sum games on finite-state graphs where every transition is assigned a reward between 0 and 1, and the payoff function is the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-02 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen

Partial order reductions have been successfully applied to model checking of concurrent systems and practical applications of the technique show nontrivial reduction in the size of the explored state space. We present a theory of partial…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Frederik Meyer Bønneland , Peter Gjøl Jensen , Kim Guldstrand Larsen , Marco Muñiz , Jiří Srba

In the paper it is proven that the two-players turn-based stochastic game "Risk or Safety" has a unique solution. Both players need to play the same strategy if they want to maximize their winning chances. An analytical method based on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Rüdiger Jehn

Parity games are games that are played on directed graphs whose vertices are labeled by natural numbers, called priorities. The players push a token along the edges of the digraph. The winner is determined by the parity of the greatest…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Christoph Dittmann , Stephan Kreutzer , Alexandru I. Tomescu

We study \emph{partial-information} two-player turn-based games on graphs with omega-regular objectives, when the partial-information player has \emph{limited memory}. Such games are a natural formalization for reactive synthesis when the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Dhananjay Raju , Rüdiger Ehlers , Ufuk Topcu

Two-player complete-information game trees are perhaps the simplest possible setting for studying general-sum games and the computational problem of finding equilibria. These games admit a simple bottom-up algorithm for finding subgame…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Michael L. Littman , Nishkam Ravi , Arjun Talwar , Martin Zinkevich

We consider imperfect information stochastic games where we require the players to use pure (i.e. non randomised) strategies. We consider reachability, safety, B\"uchi and co-B\"uchi objectives, and investigate the existence of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Arnaud Carayol , Christof Löding , Olivier Serre

Parity games are infinite two-player games played on directed graphs. Parity game solvers are used in the domain of formal verification. This paper defines parametrized parity games and introduces an operation, Justify, that determines a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Ruben Lapauw , Maurice Bruynooghe , Marc Denecker

Concurrent stochastic games are an important formalism for the rational verification of probabilistic multi-agent systems, which involves verifying whether a temporal logic property is satisfied in some or all game-theoretic equilibria of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Daniel Stan , Muhammad Najib , Anthony Widjaja Lin , Parosh Aziz Abdulla

Two-player games on graphs is central in many problems in formal verification and program analysis such as synthesis and verification of open systems. In this work we consider solving recursive game graphs (or pushdown game graphs) that can…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-05-17 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Yaron Velner

In a graphical game agents play with their neighbors on a graph to achieve an appropriate state of equilibrium. Here relevant problems are characterizing the equilibrium set and discovering efficient algorithms to find such an equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-09-06 A. Ramezanpour , J. Realpe-Gomez , R. Zecchina

Stochastic patrol routing is known to be advantageous in adversarial settings; however, the optimal choice of stochastic routing strategy is dependent on a model of the adversary. We adopt a worst-case omniscient adversary model from the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-10 Yohan John , Gilberto Diaz-Garcia , Xiaoming Duan , Jason R. Marden , Francesco Bullo

Parity games are abstract infinite-round games that take an important role in formal verification. In the basic setting, these games are two-player, turn-based, and played under perfect information on directed graphs, whose nodes are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Antonio Di Stasio , Aniello Murano , Giuseppe Perelli , Moshe Y. Vardi

In a distributed game we imagine a team Player engaging a team Opponent in a distributed fashion. Such games and their strategies have been formalised in concurrent games based on event structures. However there are limitations in founding…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-07-14 Marc de Visme , Glynn Winskel

We consider two-player games over finite graphs in which both players are restricted by fairness constraints on their moves. Given a two player game graph $G=(V,E)$ and a set of fair moves $E_f\subseteq E$ a player is said to play "fair" in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Daniel Hausmann , Nir Piterman , Irmak Sağlam , Anne-Kathrin Schmuck

We study stochastic games with energy-parity objectives, which combine quantitative rewards with a qualitative $\omega$-regular condition: The maximizer aims to avoid running out of energy while simultaneously satisfying a parity condition.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Richard Mayr , Sven Schewe , Patrick Totzke , Dominik Wojtczak

We consider two-player games played over finite state spaces for an infinite number of rounds. At each state, the players simultaneously choose moves; the moves determine a successor state. It is often advantageous for players to choose…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Luca de Alfaro , Rupak Majumdar , Vishwanath Raman , Mariëlle Stoelinga

The distributed computation of equilibria and optima has seen growing interest in a broad collection of networked problems. We consider the computation of equilibria of convex stochastic Nash games characterized by a possibly nonconvex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-08-05 Jinlong Lei , Uday V. Shanbhag

We consider an n-player symmetric stochastic game with weak interaction between the players. Time is continuous and the horizon and the number of states are finite. We show that the value function of each of the players can be approximated…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-07-13 Erhan Bayraktar , Asaf Cohen

We study Recursive Concurrent Stochastic Games (RCSGs), extending our recent analysis of recursive simple stochastic games to a concurrent setting where the two players choose moves simultaneously and independently at each state. For…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Kousha Etessami , Mihalis Yannakakis