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We describe the signatures of a circularly polarized gravitational-wave background on the timing residuals obtained with pulsar-timing arrays. Most generally, the circular polarization will depend on the gravitational-wave direction, and we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-08 Enis Belgacem , Marc Kamionkowski

We answer frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the Hellings and Downs correlation curve -- the "smoking-gun" signature that pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have detected gravitational waves (GWs). Many of these questions arise from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-02 Joseph D. Romano , Bruce Allen

In recent years, several pulsar timing array collaborations have reported evidence for a nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB). Such a background signal could be produced by supermassive binary black holes, early-Universe processes…

Several Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations have recently found evidence for a Gravitational Wave Background (GWB) by measuring the perturbations that this background induces in the time-of-arrivals of pulsar signals. These…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-03 Thomas Konstandin , Anna-Malin Lemke , Andrea Mitridate , Enrico Perboni

Pulsar timing arrays (PTA) are a promising probe to the cosmologically novel nanohertz gravitational wave (GW) regime through the stochastic GW background. In this work, we consider subluminal GW modes as a possible source of correlations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-26 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

Since it was confirmed two decades ago that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating, it would be of theoretical interests to figure out what is the influence from cosmological constant on detection of stochastic gravitational wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-15 Qing-Hua Zhu

We discuss the computation of correlation functions in holographic RG flows. The method utilizes a recently developed Hamiltonian version of holographic renormalization and it is more efficient than previous methods. A significant…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Ioannis Papadimitriou , Kostas Skenderis

We have developed a new analytic method to calculate the galaxy two-point correlation functions (TPCFs) accurately and efficiently, applicable to surveys with finite, regular, and mask-free geometries. We have derived simple, accurate…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-11-17 Chong-Chong He

We search for the isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background, including the nontensorial polarizations that are allowed in general metric theories of gravity, in the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) second data release (DR2). We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-28 Yu-Mei Wu , Zu-Cheng Chen , Qing-Guo Huang

Pulsar timing arrays are one of the powerful tools to test the existence of cosmic strings through searching for the gravitational wave background. The amplitude of the background connects to information on cosmic strings such as the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-03 Sachiko Kuroyanagi , Keitaro Takahashi , Naoyuki Yonemaru , Hiroki Kumamoto

We present a formalism for analyzing a full-sky temperature and polarization map of the cosmic microwave background. Temperature maps are analyzed by expanding over the set of spherical harmonics to give multipole moments of the two-point…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Marc Kamionkowski , Arthur Kosowsky , Albert Stebbins

Statistical anisotropy in the nanohertz-frequency gravitational-wave background (GWB) is expected to be detected by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) in the near future. By developing a frequentist statistical framework that intrinsically…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-14 Nihan Pol , Stephen R. Taylor , Joseph D. Romano

The discovery of gravitational waves, which are ripples of space-time itself, opened a new window to test general relativity, because it predicts that there are only plus and cross polarizations for gravitational waves. For alternative…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-01 Chunyu Zhang , Qing Gao , Yungui Gong , Bin Wang , Alan J. Weinstein , Chao Zhang

Pulsar timing arrays act to detect gravitational waves by observing the small, correlated effect the waves have on pulse arrival times at Earth. This effect has conventionally been evaluated assuming the gravitational wave phasefronts are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Xihao Deng , Lee Samuel Finn

Direct detection of gravitational waves by pulsar timing arrays will become feasible over the next few years. In the low frequency regime ($10^{-7}$ Hz -- $10^{-9}$ Hz), we expect that a superposition of gravitational waves from many…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Justin Ellis , Xavier Siemens , Rutger van Haasteren

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments have entered a new era with evidence for a nanoHertz gravitational wave background (GWB). This review describes the physics of detection, detailing the noise models and cross-correlation techniques…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-01 C. M. F. Mingarelli , J. A. Casey-Clyde , Y. T. Chang , E. Eisenberg , F. Hutchison , N. Khusid , B. Larsen , A. Moran , F. Semenzato , L. Willson , Q. Zheng

Pulsar-timing arrays (PTAs) are in the near future expected to detect a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) produced by a population of inspiralling super-massive black hole binaries. In this work, we consider a background that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Marc Kamionkowski

The second post-Newtonian (2PN) contribution to the `plus' and `cross' gravitational wave polarizations associated with gravitational radiation from non-spinning, compact binaries moving in elliptic orbits is computed. The computation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 A. Gopakumar , Bala R. Iyer

Gravitational wave astronomy is just beginning, after the recent success of the four direct detections of binary black hole (BBH) mergers, the first observation from a binary neutron star inspiral and with the expectation of many more…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-23 I. Di Palma , M. Drago

We study general correlation functions of various quantum field theories in the holographic setup. Following the holographic proposal, we investigate correlation functions via a geodesic length connecting boundary operators. We show that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-21 Hanse Kim , Jitendra Pal , Chanyong Park
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