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Given a statistical model, the maximum likelihood degree is the number of complex solutions to the likelihood equations for generic data. We consider discrete algebraic statistical models and study the solutions to the likelihood equations…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-05-06 Elizabeth Gross , Jose Israel Rodriguez

We study multivariate Gaussian models that are described by linear conditions on the concentration matrix. We compute the maximum likelihood (ML) degrees of these models. That is, we count the critical points of the likelihood function over…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Carlos Améndola , Lukas Gustafsson , Kathlén Kohn , Orlando Marigliano , Anna Seigal

We study the maximum likelihood (ML) degree of linear concentration models in algebraic statistics. We relate it to an intersection problem on the variety of complete quadrics. This allows us to provide an explicit, basic, albeit of high…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-11-19 Mateusz Michałek , Leonid Monin , Jarosław Wiśniewski

Maximum likelihood estimation in statistics leads to the problem of maximizing a product of powers of polynomials. We study the algebraic degree of the critical equations of this optimization problem. This degree is related to the number of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Fabrizio Catanese , Serkan Hosten , Amit Khetan , Bernd Sturmfels

We study the maximum likelihood degree (ML degree) of toric varieties, known as discrete exponential models in statistics. By introducing scaling coefficients to the monomial parameterization of the toric variety, one can change the ML…

Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a fundamental problem in statistics. Characteristics of the MLE problem for discrete algebraic statistical models are reflected in the geometry of the $\textit{likelihood correspondence}$, a variety…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-19 David Barnhill , John Cobb , Matthew Faust

The maximum likelihood degree (ML degree) measures the algebraic complexity of a fundamental optimization problem in statistics: maximum likelihood estimation. In this problem, one maximizes the likelihood function over a statistical model.…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-02-13 Jose Israel Rodriguez , Botong Wang

We express the maximum likelihood (ML) degrees of a family toric varieties in terms of Mobius invariants of matroids. The family of interest are those parametrized by monomial maps given by Lawrence lifts of totally unimodular matrices with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-03 Taylor Brysiewicz , Aida Maraj

We study the problem of maximum likelihood estimation for $3$-dimensional linear spaces of $3\times 3$ symmetric matrices from the point of view of algebraic statistics where we view these nets of conics as linear concentration or linear…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-05-31 Stefan Dye , Kathlén Kohn , Felix Rydell , Rainer Sinn

We settle a conjecture by Coons and Sullivant stating that the maximum likelihood (ML) degree of a facial submodel of a toric model is at most the ML degree of the model itself. We discuss the impact on the ML degree from observing zeros in…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-07-04 Carlos Améndola , Janike Oldekop , Maximilian Wiesmann

Most statistical software packages implement numerical strategies for computation of maximum likelihood estimates in random effects models. Little is known, however, about the algebraic complexity of this problem. For the one-way layout…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-05-07 Elizabeth Gross , Mathias Drton , Sonja Petrović

We study maximum likelihood estimation in Gaussian graphical models from a geometric point of view. An algebraic elimination criterion allows us to find exact lower bounds on the number of observations needed to ensure that the maximum…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-05-30 Caroline Uhler

We study the critical points of the likelihood function over the Fermat hypersurface. This problem is related to one of the main problems in statistical optimization: maximum likelihood estimation. The number of critical points over a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-04-09 Daniele Agostini , Davide Alberelli , Francesco Grande , Paolo Lella

In algebraic statistics, the maximum likelihood degree of a statistical model refers to the number of solutions (counted with multiplicity) of the score equations over the complex field. In this paper, the maximum likelihood degree of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-14 Pooja Yadav , Tanuja Srivastava

We consider statistical models arising from the common set of solutions to a sparse polynomial system with general coefficients. The maximum likelihood degree counts the number of critical points of the likelihood function restricted to the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-04-20 Julia Lindberg , Nathan Nicholson , Jose Israel Rodriguez , Zinan Wang

We use the notions of reflexivity and of reflexive dimensions in order to introduce probability measures for lattice polytopes and initiate the investigation of their statistical properties. Examples of applications to discrete geometry…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2008-09-12 Maximilian Kreuzer

The complexity of a maximum likelihood estimation is measured by its maximum likelihood degree ($ML$ degree). In this paper we study the maximum likelihood problem associated to chemical networks composed by one single chemical reaction…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2019-09-04 Simone Camosso

Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a fundamental computational problem in statistics. In this paper, MLE for statistical models with discrete data is studied from an algebraic statistics viewpoint. A reformulation of the MLE problem in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-05-27 Jose Israel Rodriguez

Maximum regularized likelihood estimators (MRLEs) are arguably the most established class of estimators in high-dimensional statistics. In this paper, we derive guarantees for MRLEs in Kullback-Leibler divergence, a general measure of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-18 Rui Zhuang , Johannes Lederer

We study probability density functions that are log-concave. Despite the space of all such densities being infinite-dimensional, the maximum likelihood estimate is the exponential of a piecewise linear function determined by finitely many…

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