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In this paper, we propose an edge-assisted split federated learning framework to facilitate large language model (LLM) fine-tuning on heterogeneous mobile devices while alleviating memory pressures on both mobile devices and the edge…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Xiaopei Chen , Liang Li , Fei Ji , Wen Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a variety of tasks. However, their substantial scale leads to significant computational resource consumption during inference, resulting in high costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zhaode Wang , Jingbang Yang , Xinyu Qian , Shiwen Xing , Xiaotang Jiang , Chengfei Lv , Shengyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming the landscape of mobile intelligence. Federated Learning (FL), a method to preserve user data privacy, is often employed in fine-tuning LLMs to downstream mobile tasks, an approach known as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Mengwei Xu , Dongqi Cai , Yaozong Wu , Xiang Li , Shangguang Wang

Modern large language foundation models (LLM) have now entered the daily lives of millions of users. We ask a natural question whether it is possible to customize LLM for every user or every task. From system and industrial economy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jianqiao Wangni

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge or mobile devices offers significant benefits, such as enhanced data privacy and real-time processing capabilities. However, it also faces critical challenges due to the substantial memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yu Mao , Weilan Wang , Hongchao Du , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on edge devices is crucial for delivering fast responses and ensuring data privacy. However, the limited storage, weight, and power of edge devices make it difficult to deploy LLM-powered applications.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Chunlin Tian , Xinpeng Qin , Kahou Tam , Li Li , Zijian Wang , Yuanzhe Zhao , Minglei Zhang , Chengzhong Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful foundation for intelligent reasoning and decision-making, demonstrating substantial impact across a wide range of domains and applications. However, their massive parameter scales and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mingyu Sun , Xiao Zhang , Shen Qu , Yan Li , Mengbai Xiao , Yuan Yuan , Dongxiao Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in natural language processing and content generation. However, current LLMs heavily rely on cloud computing, leading to prolonged latency, high bandwidth cost, and privacy concerns.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Mingjin Zhang , Jiannong Cao , Xiaoming Shen , Zeyang Cui

Large language models (LLMs) have been a disruptive innovation in recent years, and they play a crucial role in our daily lives due to their ability to understand and generate human-like text. Their capabilities include natural language…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Akrit Mudvari , Yuang Jiang , Leandros Tassiulas

Large Language Model (LLM) at mobile devices and its potential applications never fail to fascinate. However, on-device LLM fine-tuning poses great challenges due to extremely high memory requirements and slow training speeds. Even with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Liang Li , Xingke Yang , Wen Wu , Hao Wang , Tomoaki Ohtsuki , Xin Fu , Miao Pan , Xuemin Shen

Large language models (LLMs) are central to modern natural language processing, delivering exceptional performance in various tasks. However, their substantial computational and memory requirements present challenges, especially for devices…

Transformers have revolutionized the machine learning landscape, gradually making their way into everyday tasks and equipping our computers with "sparks of intelligence". However, their runtime requirements have prevented them from being…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Stefanos Laskaridis , Kleomenis Katevas , Lorenzo Minto , Hamed Haddadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) herald a transformative era in artificial intelligence (AI). However, the expansive scale of data and parameters of LLMs requires high-demand computational and memory resources, restricting their accessibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shengwen Ding , Chenhui Hu

Collaboratively fine-tuning (FT) large language models (LLMs) over heterogeneous mobile devices fosters immense potential applications of personalized intelligence. However, such a vision faces critical system challenges. Conventional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xingke Yang , Liang Li , Sicong Li , Liwei Guan , Hao Wang , Xiaoqi Qi , Jiang Liu , Xin Fu , Miao Pan

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) locally on mobile devices presents a significant challenge due to their extensive memory requirements. In this paper, we introduce LinguaLinked, a system for decentralized, distributed LLM inference on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Junchen Zhao , Yurun Song , Simeng Liu , Ian G. Harris , Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi

The customization of large language models (LLMs) for user-specified tasks gets important. However, maintaining all the customized LLMs on cloud servers incurs substantial memory and computational overheads, and uploading user data can also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jihwan Bang , Juntae Lee , Kyuhong Shim , Seunghan Yang , Simyung Chang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human language, but efficient inference on resource-constrained embedded devices remains challenging due to large model sizes and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Weihong Xu , Haein Choi , Po-kai Hsu , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

The Large Language Model (LLM) is widely employed for tasks such as intelligent assistants, text summarization, translation, and multi-modality on mobile phones. However, the current methods for on-device LLM deployment maintain slow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Luchang Li , Sheng Qian , Jie Lu , Lunxi Yuan , Rui Wang , Qin Xie

Generative tasks, such as text generation and question answering, hold a crucial position in the realm of mobile applications. Due to their sensitivity to privacy concerns, there is a growing demand for their execution directly on mobile…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Daliang Xu , Wangsong Yin , Xin Jin , Ying Zhang , Shiyun Wei , Mengwei Xu , Xuanzhe Liu

In this letter, we propose an energy-efficient split learning (SL) framework for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) using geo-distributed personal data at the network edge, where LLMs are split and alternately across massive mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zuguang Li , Shaohua Wu , Liang Li , Songge Zhang
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