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In most works on deep incremental learning research, it is assumed that novel samples are pre-identified for neural network retraining. However, practical deep classifiers often misidentify these samples, leading to erroneous predictions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Jiawen Xu , Claas Grohnfeldt , Odej Kao

Open Set Recognition (OSR) is about dealing with unknown situations that were not learned by the models during training. In this paper, we provide a survey of existing works about OSR and distinguish their respective advantages and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Atefeh Mahdavi , Marco Carvalho

Image classification plays a pivotal role across diverse applications, yet challenges persist when models are deployed in real-world scenarios. Notably, these models falter in detecting unfamiliar classes that were not incorporated during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Butian Xiong , Liguang Zhou , Tin Lun Lam , Yangsheng Xu

Open set recognition requires a classifier to detect samples not belonging to any of the classes in its training set. Existing methods fit a probability distribution to the training samples on their embedding space and detect outliers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Hongjie Zhang , Ang Li , Jie Guo , Yanwen Guo

Open-set Recognition (OSR) aims to identify test samples whose classes are not seen during the training process. Recently, Unified Open-set Recognition (UOSR) has been proposed to reject not only unknown samples but also known but wrongly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Jun Cen , Di Luan , Shiwei Zhang , Yixuan Pei , Yingya Zhang , Deli Zhao , Shaojie Shen , Qifeng Chen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is an important building block in trustworthy image recognition systems as unknown classes may arise at test-time. OOD detection methods typically revolve around a single classifier, leading to a split in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Galadrielle Humblot-Renaux , Gianni Franchi , Sergio Escalera , Thomas B. Moeslund

In multiclass deep network classifiers, the burden of classifying samples of different classes is put on a single classifier. As the result the optimum classification accuracy is not obtained. Also training times are large due to running…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Abdul Mueed Hafiz , Mahmoud Hassaballah

Classical object detectors are incapable of detecting novel class objects that are not encountered before. Regarding this issue, Open-Vocabulary Object Detection (OVOD) is proposed, which aims to detect the objects in the candidate class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Zhao Wang , Aoxue Li , Fengwei Zhou , Zhenguo Li , Qi Dou

In domain classification for spoken dialog systems, correct detection of out-of-domain (OOD) utterances is crucial because it reduces confusion and unnecessary interaction costs between users and the systems. Previous work usually utilizes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Joo-Kyung Kim , Young-Bum Kim

The optimal prediction strategy for out-of-distribution (OOD) setups is a fundamental question in machine learning. In this paper, we address this question and present several contributions. We propose three reject option models for OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Vojtech Franc , Daniel Prusa , Jakub Paplham

A desirable open world recognition (OWR) system requires performing three tasks: (1) Open set recognition (OSR), i.e., classifying the known (classes seen during training) and rejecting the unknown (unseen$/$novel classes) online; (2)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Fulin Gao , Weimin Zhong , Zhixing Cao , Xin Peng , Zhi Li

We consider the problem of detecting OoD(Out-of-Distribution) input data when using deep neural networks, and we propose a simple yet effective way to improve the robustness of several popular OoD detection methods against label shift. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Matteo Guarrera , Baihong Jin , Tung-Wei Lin , Maria Zuluaga , Yuxin Chen , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for determining when a supervised model encounters inputs that differ meaningfully from its training distribution. While widely studied in classification, OOD detection for regression and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-16 Min Lu , Hemant Ishwaran

Neural networks for image classification tasks assume that any given image during inference belongs to one of the training classes. This closed-set assumption is challenged in real-world applications where models may encounter inputs of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Jinsol Lee , Ghassan AlRegib

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can learn directly from raw data, resulting in exceptional performance across various research areas. However, factors present in non-controllable environments such as unlabeled datasets with varying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Lucas Fernando Alvarenga e Silva , Samuel Felipe dos Santos , Nicu Sebe , Jurandy Almeida

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify test examples that do not belong to the training distribution and are thus unlikely to be predicted reliably. Despite a plethora of existing works, most of them focused only on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Reza Averly , Wei-Lun Chao

One-class classification (OCC), which models one single positive class and distinguishes it from the negative class, has been a long-standing topic with pivotal application to realms like anomaly detection. As modern society often deals…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Siqi Wang , Jiyuan Liu , Guang Yu , Xinwang Liu , Sihang Zhou , En Zhu , Yuexiang Yang , Jianping Yin

Deep neural networks achieve superior performance in challenging tasks such as image classification. However, deep classifiers tend to incorrectly classify out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, which are inputs that do not belong to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Vahdat Abdelzad , Krzysztof Czarnecki , Rick Salay , Taylor Denounden , Sachin Vernekar , Buu Phan

We study the problem of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, that is, detecting whether a learning algorithm's output can be trusted at inference time. While a number of tests for OOD detection have been proposed in prior work, a formal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-19 Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli , Anirban Roy , Susmit Jha

Detecting test-time distribution shift has emerged as a key capability for safely deployed machine learning models, with the question being tackled under various guises in recent years. In this paper, we aim to provide a consolidated view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Hongjun Wang , Sagar Vaze , Kai Han