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The integration of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models into autonomous driving systems offers a unified framework for interpreting complex scenes and executing control commands. However, the necessity to incorporate historical multi-view…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yiru Wang , Anqing Jiang , Shuo Wang , Yuwen Heng , Zichong Gu , Hao Sun

Recently, test-time adaptation has attracted wide interest in the context of vision-language models for image classification. However, to the best of our knowledge, the problem is completely overlooked in dense prediction tasks such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mehrdad Noori , David Osowiechi , Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim , Ali Bahri , Moslem Yazdanpanah , Sahar Dastani , Farzad Beizaee , Ismail Ben Ayed , Christian Desrosiers

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm for vision-language models (VLMs) to bridge the distribution gap between pre-training and test data. Recent works have focused on backpropagation-free TTA methods that rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhaohong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Wenjing Liu , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Vision-language-action (VLA) models achieve strong in-distribution performance but degrade sharply under novel camera viewpoints and visual perturbations. We show that this brittleness primarily arises from misalignment in Spatial Modeling,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Weiqi Li , Quande Zhang , Ruifeng Zhai , Liang Lin , Guangrun Wang

Incremental decision making in real-world environments is one of the most challenging tasks in embodied artificial intelligence. One particularly demanding scenario is Vision and Language Navigation~(VLN) which requires visual and natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Raphael Schumann , Wanrong Zhu , Weixi Feng , Tsu-Jui Fu , Stefan Riezler , William Yang Wang

The study of vision-and-language navigation (VLN) has typically relied on expert trajectories, which may not always be available in real-world situations due to the significant effort required to collect them. On the other hand, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Valay Bundele , Mahesh Bhupati , Biplab Banerjee , Aditya Grover

We present Vision-based Navigation with Language-based Assistance (VNLA), a grounded vision-language task where an agent with visual perception is guided via language to find objects in photorealistic indoor environments. The task emulates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Khanh Nguyen , Debadeepta Dey , Chris Brockett , Bill Dolan

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) task investigates effective domain adaptation under the scenario of continuous domain shifts during testing time. Due to the utilization of solely unlabeled samples, there exists significant uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Fan Lyu , Kaile Du , Yuyang Li , Hanyu Zhao , Fuyuan Hu , Zhang Zhang , Guangcan Liu , Liang Wang

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) aims to develop intelligent agents to navigate in unseen environments only through language and vision supervision. In the recently proposed continuous settings (continuous VLN), the agent must act in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Zongtao He , Liuyi Wang , Shu Li , Qingqing Yan , Chengju Liu , Qijun Chen

Vision-and-language navigation (VLN) is a multimodal task where an agent follows natural language instructions and navigates in visual environments. Multiple setups have been proposed, and researchers apply new model architectures or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Wanrong Zhu , Yuankai Qi , Pradyumna Narayana , Kazoo Sone , Sugato Basu , Xin Eric Wang , Qi Wu , Miguel Eckstein , William Yang Wang

Vision-language pre-training (VLP) has recently proven highly effective for various uni- and multi-modal downstream applications. However, most existing end-to-end VLP methods use high-resolution image-text box data to perform well on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Shraman Pramanick , Li Jing , Sayan Nag , Jiachen Zhu , Hardik Shah , Yann LeCun , Rama Chellappa

Online test-time adaptation (OTTA) of vision-language models (VLMs) has recently garnered increased attention to take advantage of data observed along a stream to improve future predictions. Unfortunately, existing methods rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Clément Fuchs , Maxime Zanella , Christophe De Vleeschouwer

Navigating in unseen environments is crucial for mobile robots. Enhancing them with the ability to follow instructions in natural language will further improve navigation efficiency in unseen cases. However, state-of-the-art (SOTA)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Chengguang Xu , Hieu T. Nguyen , Christopher Amato , Lawson L. S. Wong

We propose LCLA (Language-Conditioned Latent Alignment), a framework for vision-language navigation that learns modular perception-action interfaces by aligning sensory observations to a latent representation of an expert policy. The expert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Nitesh Subedi , Adam Haroon , Samuel Tetteh , Prajwal Koirala , Cody Fleming , Soumik Sarkar

Deep classifiers may encounter significant performance degradation when processing unseen testing data from varying centers, vendors, and protocols. Ensuring the robustness of deep models against these domain shifts is crucial for their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Yuhao Huang , Xin Yang , Xiaoqiong Huang , Xinrui Zhou , Haozhe Chi , Haoran Dou , Xindi Hu , Jian Wang , Xuedong Deng , Dong Ni

Fully-test-time adaptation (F-TTA) can mitigate performance loss due to distribution shifts between train and test data (1) without access to the training data, and (2) without knowledge of the model training procedure. In online F-TTA, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Skyler Seto , Barry-John Theobald , Federico Danieli , Navdeep Jaitly , Dan Busbridge

The aspiration of the Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task has long been to develop an embodied agent with robust adaptability, capable of seamlessly transferring its navigation capabilities across various tasks. Despite remarkable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Siqi Zhang , Yanyuan Qiao , Qunbo Wang , Longteng Guo , Zhihua Wei , Jing Liu

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt the source model to continually changing unlabeled target domains without access to the source data. Existing methods mainly focus on model-based adaptation in a self-training manner, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Yulu Gan , Yan Bai , Yihang Lou , Xianzheng Ma , Renrui Zhang , Nian Shi , Lin Luo

Real-world vision models in dynamic environments face rapid shifts in domain distributions, leading to decreased recognition performance. Using unlabeled test data, continuous test-time adaptation (CTTA) directly adjusts a pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Sarthak Kumar Maharana , Baoming Zhang , Yunhui Guo

One of the most challenging topics in Natural Language Processing (NLP) is visually-grounded language understanding and reasoning. Outdoor vision-and-language navigation (VLN) is such a task where an agent follows natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Wanrong Zhu , Xin Eric Wang , Tsu-Jui Fu , An Yan , Pradyumna Narayana , Kazoo Sone , Sugato Basu , William Yang Wang