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We review the alternative proposals introduced recently in the literature to update the standard formula to estimate the uncertainty on the mean of repeated measurements, and we compare their performances on synthetic examples with normal…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-09-13 Pascal Pernot , Jean-Paul Berthet

To compare different forecasting methods on demand series we require an error measure. Many error measures have been proposed, but when demand is intermittent some become inapplicable, some give counter-intuitive results, and there is no…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-01-20 S. D. Prestwich , R. Rossi , S. A. Tarim , B. Hnich

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects is important to tailor treatments to those individuals who would most likely benefit. However, conditional average treatment effect predictors may often be trained on one population but possibly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Christoph Kern , Michael Kim , Angela Zhou

We consider the problem of estimating the covariance matrix of a random vector by observing i.i.d samples and each entry of the sampled vector is missed with probability $p$. Under the standard $L_4-L_2$ moment equivalence assumption, we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-17 Pedro Abdalla

In randomized clinical trials, adjusting for baseline covariates can improve credibility and efficiency for demonstrating and quantifying treatment effects. This article studies the augmented inverse propensity weighted (AIPW) estimator,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-27 Marlena S. Bannick , Jun Shao , Jingyi Liu , Yu Du , Yanyao Yi , Ting Ye

We develop generalized approach to obtaining Edgeworth expansions for $t$-statistics of an arbitrary order using computer algebra and combinatorial algorithms. To incorporate various versions of mean-based statistics, we introduce Adjusted…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-18 Inna Gerlovina , Alan E. Hubbard

Estimating causal effects from observational data is not always possible due to confounding. Identifying a set of appropriate covariates (adjustment set) and adjusting for their influence can remove confounding bias; however, such a set is…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-19 Sofia Triantafillou , Gregory Cooper

Ideally, a meta-analysis will summarize data from several unbiased studies. Here we consider the less than ideal situation in which contributing studies may be compromised by measurement error. Measurement error affects every study design,…

The problem of nonlinear functional of parameters, such as differential entropy, has received much attention in information theory and statistics. In many situations, prior information about the parameters is available in the form of order…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Somnath Mandal , Lakshmi Kanta Patra

It is well known that in a small P\'olya urn, i.e., an urn where second largest real part of an eigenvalue is at most half the largest eigenvalue, the distribution of the numbers of balls of different colours in the urn is asymptotically…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Svante Janson

Utilizing covariate information has been a powerful approach to improve the efficiency and accuracy for causal inference, which support massive amount of randomized experiments run on data-driven enterprises. However, state-of-art…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-06 Yuhang Wu , Jinghai He , Zeyu Zheng

Extracting parameter constraints from cosmological observations requires accurate determination of the covariance matrix for use in the likelihood function. We show here that uncertainties in the elements of the covariance matrix propagate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-10-30 Scott Dodelson , Michael D. Schneider

The problem of estimating the covariance matrix $\Sigma$ of a $p$-variate distribution based on its $n$ observations arises in many data analysis contexts. While for $n>p$, the classical sample covariance matrix $\hat{\Sigma}_n$ is a good…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-28 Maryia Kabanava , Holger Rauhut

Estimation of the mean and covariance parameters for functional data is a critical task, with local linear smoothing being a popular choice. In recent years, many scientific domains are producing multivariate functional data for which $p$,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Alexander Petersen

In this thesis, I refine our understanding as to what conclusions we can reach from coreference-based evaluations by expanding existing evaluation practices and considering the extent to which evaluation results are either converging or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ian Porada

Information theory is built on probability measures and by definition a probability measure has total mass 1. Probability measures are used to model uncertainty, and one may ask how important it is that the total mass is one. We claim that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Peter Harremoës

In this note, we derive bounds on the median bias of univariate M-estimators under mild regularity conditions. These requirements are not sufficient to imply convergence in distribution of the M-estimators. We also discuss median bias of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-02 Arun Kumar Kuchibhotla

An interpolation error is an integral of the squared error of a regression model over a domain of interest. We consider the interpolation error for the case of misspecified Gaussian process regression: used covariance function differs from…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-03-28 A. Zaytsev , E. Romanenkova , D. Ermilov

With model trustworthiness being crucial for sensitive real-world applications, practitioners are putting more and more focus on improving the uncertainty calibration of deep neural networks. Calibration errors are designed to quantify the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Sebastian G. Gruber , Florian Buettner

Complete randomization allows for consistent estimation of the average treatment effect based on the difference in means of the outcomes without strong modeling assumptions on the outcome-generating process. Appropriate use of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-03 Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding