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While there is a widespread belief that artificial general intelligence (AGI) -- or even superhuman AI -- is imminent, complex problems in expert domains are far from being solved. We argue that such problems require human-AI cooperation…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) grow in capability, do they develop self-awareness as an emergent behavior? And if so, can we measure it? We introduce the AI Self-Awareness Index (AISAI), a game-theoretic framework for measuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kyung-Hoon Kim

Generative AI is reshaping software work, yet we lack clear guidance on where developers most need support and how to design it responsibly. We report a large-scale, mixed-methods study of N=860 developers examining where, why, and how they…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Rudrajit Choudhuri , Carmen Badea , Christian Bird , Jenna Butler , Rob DeLine , Brian Houck

Today, available methods that assess AI systems are focused on using empirical techniques to measure the performance of algorithms in some specific tasks (e.g., playing chess, solving mazes or land a helicopter). However, these methods are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-09-26 Javier Insa-Cabrera , Jose Hernandez-Orallo

Current benchmarks for AI clinician systems, often based on multiple-choice exams or manual rubrics, fail to capture the depth, robustness, and safety required for real-world clinical practice. To address this, we introduce the GAPS…

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Scientist represents a paradigm shift in scientific discovery, with large language models (LLMs) taking the lead as the primary executor in the entire scientific workflow from idea generation to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Minjun Zhu , Qiujie Xie , Yixuan Weng , Jian Wu , Zhen Lin , Linyi Yang , Yue Zhang

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is increasingly used to support a wide range of human tasks, yet empirical evidence on its effect on creativity remains scattered. Can GenAI generate ideas that are creative? To what extent can it…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Niklas Holzner , Sebastian Maier , Stefan Feuerriegel

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI), and in particular large language models (LLMs), are increasingly being explored as tools to support life cycle assessment (LCA). While demonstrations exist across environmental and social domains,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Artur Donaldson , Bharathan Balaji , Cajetan Oriekezie , Manish Kumar , Laure Patouillard

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents offer cross-platform solutions for automating complex digital tasks, with significant potential to transform productivity workflows. However, their performance is often constrained by the scarcity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Junlei Zhang , Zichen Ding , Chang Ma , Zijie Chen , Qiushi Sun , Zhenzhong Lan , Junxian He

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in software engineering tasks such as requirements elicitation, design, and evaluation, raising critical questions regarding their alignment with human judgments on responsible AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Asma Yamani , Malak Baslyman , Moataz Ahmed

The proposed European Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) is the first attempt to elaborate a general legal framework for AI carried out by any major global economy. As such, the AIA is likely to become a point of reference in the larger…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Jakob Mokander , Maria Axente , Federico Casolari , Luciano Floridi

We propose a framework for classifying the capabilities and behavior of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) models and their precursors. This framework introduces levels of AGI performance, generality, and autonomy, providing a common…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing at an unprecedented pace, with clear potential to enhance decision-making and productivity. Yet, the collaborative decision-making process between humans and AI remains underdeveloped, often falling…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Bowen Lou , Tian Lu , T. S. Raghu , Yingjie Zhang

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is transforming how firms create, process, and apply knowledge, yet little is known about the heterogeneity of its productivity effects across users. We report results from a randomized controlled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lihi Idan , Bharat Anand

This document presents a preliminary compilation of general-purpose AI (GPAI) evaluation practices that may promote internal validity, external validity and reproducibility. It includes suggestions for human uplift studies and benchmark…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Patricia Paskov , Michael J. Byun , Kevin Wei , Toby Webster

The field of eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has produced a plethora of methods (e.g., saliency-maps) to gain insight into artificial intelligence (AI) models, and has exploded with the rise of deep learning (DL). However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Marvin Pafla , Kate Larson , Mark Hancock

Artificial intelligence (AI) enables machines to learn from human experience, adjust to new inputs, and perform human-like tasks. AI is progressing rapidly and is transforming the way businesses operate, from process automation to cognitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Ambreen Hanif

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools have become increasingly prevalent in software development, offering assistance to various managerial and technical project activities. Notable examples of these tools include OpenAIs…

Recent benchmark studies have claimed that AI has approached or even surpassed human-level performances on various cognitive tasks. However, this position paper argues that current AI evaluation paradigms are insufficient for assessing…

Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) builds upon Generative AI (GenAI). It constitutes the next major step in the evolution of AI with much stronger reasoning and interaction capabilities that enable more autonomous behavior to tackle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Johannes Schneider