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Complex numbers are indispensable in quantum mechanics and the resource theory of imaginarity has been developed recently. In this paper, we propose a method to construct imaginary measures by real part states. Specifically, we propose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Jingyan Liu , Yue Sun , Jianwei Xu , Ming-Jing Zhao

The recently introduced resource theory of imaginarity facilitates a systematic investigation into the role of complex numbers in quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. In this work, we propose well-defined measures of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Meng-Li Guo , Si-Yin Huang , Bo Li , Shao-Ming Fei

It has been a long-standing debate that why quantum mechanics uses complex numbers but not only real numbers. To address this topic, in recent years, the imaginarity theory has been developed in the way of quantum resource theory. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Jianwei Xu

Complex numbers are widely used in both classical and quantum physics, and play an important role in describing quantum systems and their dynamical behavior. In this paper we study several measures of imaginarity of quantum states in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Qiang Chen , Ting Gao , Fengli Yan

From the perspective of resource-theoretic approach, this study explores the quantification of imaginary in quantum physics. We propose a well defined measure of imaginarity, the geometric-like measure of imaginarity. Compared with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-29 Meng-Li Guo , Bo Li , Shao-Ming Fei

Complex numbers are widely used in both classical and quantum physics, and are indispensable components for describing quantum systems and their dynamical behavior. Recently, the resource theory of imaginarity has been introduced, allowing…

Complex numbers are theoretically proved and experimentally confirmed as necessary in quantum mechanics and quantum information, and a resource theory of imaginarity of quantum states has been established. In this work, we establish a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Chuanfa Wu , Zhaoqi Wu

Complex numbers are widely used in quantum physics and are indispensable components for describing quantum systems and their dynamical behavior. The resource theory of imaginarity has been built recently, enabling a systematic research of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 Shuanping Du , Zhaofang Bai

In this paper, we introduce two measures for the resource theory of imaginarity. One is induced by $\alpha$--$z$--R\'enyi relative entropy and the other, defined for positive definite density matrices, is induced by Tsallis relative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Xiangyu Chen , Qiang Lei

The use of imaginary numbers in modelling quantum mechanical systems encompasses the wave-like nature of quantum states. Here we introduce a resource theoretic framework for imaginarity, where the free states are taken to be those with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-17 Alexander Hickey , Gilad Gour

Quantum theory is traditionally formulated using complex numbers. This imaginarity of quantum theory has been quantified as a resource with applications in discrimination tasks, pseudorandomness generation, and quantum metrology. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Carlos Fernandes , Rafael Wagner , Leonardo Novo , Ernesto F. Galvão

The relative entropy between quantum states quantifies their distinguishability. The estimation of certain relative entropies has been investigated in the literature, e.g., the von Neumann relative entropy and sandwiched R\'enyi relative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Jinge Bao , Minbo Gao , Qisheng Wang

The resource-theoretic frameworks for quantum imaginarity have been developed in recent years. Within these frameworks, many imaginarity measures for finite-dimensional systems have been proposed. However, for imaginarity of Gaussian states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Ting Zhang , Jinchuan Hou , Xiaofei Qi

Wave-particle duality is one of the basic features of quantum mechanics, giving rise to the use of complex numbers in describing states of quantum systems, their dynamics, and interaction. Since the inception of quantum theory, it has been…

The resource theory of imaginarity studies the operational value of imaginary parts in quantum states, operations, and measurements. Here we introduce and study the distillation and conversion of imaginarity in distributed scenario. This…

Entropy measures quantify the amount of information and correlation present in a quantum system. In practice, when the quantum state is unknown and only copies thereof are available, one must resort to the estimation of such entropy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-27 Ziv Goldfeld , Dhrumil Patel , Sreejith Sreekumar , Mark M. Wilde

In the framework of quantum information geometry, we derive, from quantum relative Tsallis entropy, a family of quantum metrics on the space of full rank, N level quantum states, by means of a suitably defined coordinate free differential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-24 Vladimir I. Man'ko , Giuseppe Marmo , Franco Ventriglia , Patrizia Vitale

An analysis of the thermodynamic behavior of quantum systems can be performed from a geometrical perspective investigating the structure of the state space. We have developed such an analysis for nonextensive thermostatistical frameworks,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Portesi , A. Plastino , F. Pennini

In this paper we formulate a kind of new geometric measure of quantum correlations. This new measure is in terms of the quantum Tsallis relative entropy and can be viewed as a one-parameter extension quantum discordlike measure that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-03 Weijing Li

We argue from the point of view of statistical inference that the quantum relative entropy is a good measure for distinguishing between two quantum states (or two classes of quantum states) described by density matrices. We extend this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 V. Vedral , M. B. Plenio , K. Jacobs , P. L. Knight
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