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Large language models (LLMs) achieve optimal utility when their responses are grounded in external knowledge sources. However, real-world documents, such as annual reports, scientific papers, and clinical guidelines, frequently combine…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Chi Zhang , Qiyang Chen , Mengqi Zhang

With over 200 million published academic documents and millions of new documents being written each year, academic researchers face the challenge of searching for information within this vast corpus. However, existing retrieval systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Gengchen Wei , Xinle Pang , Tianning Zhang , Yu Sun , Xun Qian , Chen Lin , Han-Sen Zhong , Wanli Ouyang

This paper presents Structure Aware Dense Retrieval (SANTA) model, which encodes user queries and structured data in one universal embedding space for retrieving structured data. SANTA proposes two pretraining methods to make language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Xinze Li , Zhenghao Liu , Chenyan Xiong , Shi Yu , Yu Gu , Zhiyuan Liu , Ge Yu

Retrieval-Augmented Language Models (RALMs) face significant challenges in reducing factual errors, particularly in document relevance evaluation and knowledge integration. We introduce a framework for structured relevance assessment that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Aryan Raj , Astitva Veer Garg , Anitha D

In this paper, we introduce Technical-Embeddings, a novel framework designed to optimize semantic retrieval in technical documentation, with applications in both hardware and software development. Our approach addresses the challenges of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Songjiang Lai , Tsun-Hin Cheung , Ka-Chun Fung , Kaiwen Xue , Kwan-Ho Lin , Yan-Ming Choi , Vincent Ng , Kin-Man Lam

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across a wide range of applications. However, they often suffer from hallucinations in knowledge-intensive domains due to their reliance on static pretraining corpora. To…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Lihui Liu , Jiayuan Ding , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Carl J. Yang

Extracting meaningful insights from large and complex datasets poses significant challenges, particularly in ensuring the accuracy and relevance of retrieved information. Traditional data retrieval methods such as sequential search and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Zahra Sepasdar , Sushant Gautam , Cise Midoglu , Michael A. Riegler , Pål Halvorsen

Retrieval-augmented language models (RALMs) hold promise to produce language understanding systems that are are factual, efficient, and up-to-date. An important desideratum of RALMs, is that retrieved information helps model performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Ori Yoran , Tomer Wolfson , Ori Ram , Jonathan Berant

Retrieval-augmented large language models (LLMs) leverage relevant content retrieved by information retrieval systems to generate correct responses, aiming to alleviate the hallucination problem. However, existing retriever-responder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Taolin Zhang , Dongyang Li , Qizhou Chen , Chengyu Wang , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue , Xiaofeng He , Jun Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances language models by retrieving and incorporating relevant external knowledge. However, traditional retrieve-and-generate processes may not be optimized for real-world scenarios, where queries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Ingeol Baek , Hwan Chang , Byeongjeong Kim , Jimin Lee , Hwanhee Lee

Large-scale digitization initiatives have unlocked massive collections of historical newspapers, yet effective computational access remains hindered by OCR corruption, multilingual orthographic variation, and temporal language drift. We…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Anthony Mudet , Souhail Bakkali

Most previous work on the recently developed language-modeling approach to information retrieval focuses on document-specific characteristics, and therefore does not take into account the structure of the surrounding corpus. We propose a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Oren Kurland , Lillian Lee

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language model reliability by grounding generated responses in external evidence. However, RAG performance depends on the relevance of retrieved passages, the quality of evidence ranking,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fariba Afrin Irany , Sampson Akwafuo

Recently embedding-based retrieval or dense retrieval have shown state of the art results, compared with traditional sparse or bag-of-words based approaches. This paper introduces a model-agnostic doc-level embedding framework through large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Mingrui Wu , Sheng Cao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a key means to effectively enhance large language models (LLMs) in many knowledge-based tasks. However, existing RAG methods struggle with knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks, because useful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Zhuoqun Li , Xuanang Chen , Haiyang Yu , Hongyu Lin , Yaojie Lu , Qiaoyu Tang , Fei Huang , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Yongbin Li

Recent retrieval-augmented image captioning methods incorporate external knowledge to compensate for the limitations in comprehending complex scenes. However, current approaches face challenges in relation modeling: (1) the representation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xiaosheng Long , Hanyu Wang , Zhentao Song , Kun Luo , Hongde Liu

Current state-of-the-art approaches to cross-modal retrieval process text and visual input jointly, relying on Transformer-based architectures with cross-attention mechanisms that attend over all words and objects in an image. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Gregor Geigle , Jonas Pfeiffer , Nils Reimers , Ivan Vulić , Iryna Gurevych

Large Language Models (LLMs) are adept at generating responses based on information within their context. While this ability is useful for interacting with structured data like code files, another popular method, Retrieval-Augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Mihir Gupte , Paolo Giusto , Ramesh S

Academic Search is a search task aimed to manage and retrieve scientific documents like journal articles and conference papers. Personalization in this context meets individual researchers' needs by leveraging, through user profiles, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Pranav Kasela , Gabriella Pasi , Raffaele Perego

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have recently shown remarkable advancements by integrating retrieval mechanisms into language models, enhancing their ability to produce more accurate and contextually relevant responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Siran Li , Linus Stenzel , Carsten Eickhoff , Seyed Ali Bahrainian