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State-of-the-art supervised NLP models achieve high accuracy but are also susceptible to failures on inputs from low-data regimes, such as domains that are not represented in training data. As an approximation to collecting ground-truth…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Parikshit Bansal , Amit Sharma

Personalization in large language models (LLMs) is increasingly important, aiming to align the LLMs' interactions, content, and recommendations with individual user preferences. Recent advances have highlighted effective prompt design by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zhaoxuan Tan , Qingkai Zeng , Yijun Tian , Zheyuan Liu , Bing Yin , Meng Jiang

Large Language Model (LLM) at mobile devices and its potential applications never fail to fascinate. However, on-device LLM fine-tuning poses great challenges due to extremely high memory requirements and slow training speeds. Even with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Liang Li , Xingke Yang , Wen Wu , Hao Wang , Tomoaki Ohtsuki , Xin Fu , Miao Pan , Xuemin Shen

Since the release of GPT2-1.5B in 2019, the large language models (LLMs) have evolved from specialized deep models to versatile foundation models. While demonstrating remarkable zero-shot ability, the LLMs still require fine-tuning on local…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yanjie Dong , Haijun Zhang , Chengming Li , Song Guo , Victor C. M. Leung , Xiping Hu

As on-device large language model (LLM) systems become increasingly prevalent, federated fine-tuning enables advanced language understanding and generation directly on edge devices; however, it also involves processing sensitive,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Honghui Xu , Shiva Shrestha , Wei Chen , Zhiyuan Li , Zhipeng Cai

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly shape the AI landscape, fine-tuning pretrained models has become more popular than in the pre-LLM era for achieving optimal performance in domain-specific tasks. However, pretrained LLMs such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan , Pingzhi Li , Sukwon Yun , Zhenyu Wang , Shahriar Nirjon , Chau-Wai Wong , Tianlong Chen

Background: Clinical documentation represents a significant burden for healthcare providers, with physicians spending up to 2 hours daily on administrative tasks. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) offer promising solutions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Johnson Thomas , Ayush Mudgal , Wendao Liu , Nisten Tahiraj , Zeeshaan Mohammed , Dhruv Diddi

Personalization is a critical task in modern intelligent systems, with applications spanning diverse domains, including interactions with large language models (LLMs). Recent advances in reasoning capabilities have significantly enhanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Sichun Luo , Guanzhi Deng , Jian Xu , Xiaojie Zhang , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at producing broadly relevant text, but this generality becomes a limitation when user-specific preferences are required, such as recommending restaurants or planning travel. In these scenarios, users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ioannis Tsaknakis , Bingqing Song , Shuyu Gan , Dongyeop Kang , Alfredo Garcia , Gaowen Liu , Charles Fleming , Mingyi Hong

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has become a common practice for personalized natural language understanding (NLU) applications on downstream tasks and domain-specific datasets. However, there are two main challenges:…

One-size-fits-all large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to help people with their writing. However, the style these models are trained to write in may not suit all users or use cases. LLMs would be more useful as writing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Xinyue Liu , Harshita Diddee , Daphne Ippolito

Personalization today is fundamentally platform-centric: services build user representations from the behavioral fragments they observe. Yet no platform can construct a complete picture of the user, as competitive incentives, legal…

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have evolved into powerful and ubiquitous tools. Fine-tuning on small datasets allows LLMs to acquire specialized skills for specific tasks efficiently. Although LLMs provide great utility in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Ruoxing Yang

Personalized large language models (LLMs) tailor content to individual preferences using user profiles or histories. However, existing parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as the ``One-PEFT-Per-User'' (OPPU) paradigm,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zhaoxuan Tan , Zixuan Zhang , Haoyang Wen , Zheng Li , Rongzhi Zhang , Pei Chen , Fengran Mo , Zheyuan Liu , Qingkai Zeng , Qingyu Yin , Meng Jiang

Human preference alignment can greatly enhance Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), but collecting high-quality preference data is costly. A promising solution is the self-evolution strategy, where models are iteratively trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Wentao Tan , Qiong Cao , Yibing Zhan , Chao Xue , Changxing Ding

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful support tools across various natural language tasks and a range of application domains. Recent studies focus on exploring their capabilities for data annotation. This paper provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Maja Pavlovic , Massimo Poesio

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining increasing attention due to their exceptional performance across numerous tasks. As a result, the general public utilize them as an influential tool for boosting their productivity while natural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Zhigang Kan , Linbo Qiao , Hao Yu , Liwen Peng , Yifu Gao , Dongsheng Li

Personalizing Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a critical step in facilitating their widespread application to enhance individual life experiences. In pursuit of personalization, distilling key preference information from an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yilun Qiu , Xiaoyan Zhao , Yang Zhang , Yimeng Bai , Wenjie Wang , Hong Cheng , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly integrate into every aspect of our work and daily lives, there are growing concerns about user privacy, which push the trend toward local deployment of these models. There are a number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jie Xiao , Qianyi Huang , Xu Chen , Chen Tian

On-device training is currently the most common approach for training machine learning (ML) models on private, distributed user data. Despite this, on-device training has several drawbacks: (1) most user devices are too small to train large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Charlie Hou , Akshat Shrivastava , Hongyuan Zhan , Rylan Conway , Trang Le , Adithya Sagar , Giulia Fanti , Daniel Lazar