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We consider the classic online learning and stochastic multi-armed bandit (MAB) problems, when at each step, the online policy can probe and find out which of a small number ($k$) of choices has better reward (or loss) before making its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Aditya Bhaskara , Sreenivas Gollapudi , Sungjin Im , Kostas Kollias , Kamesh Munagala

Sequential decision-making under uncertainty often involves multiple agents learning which actions (arms) yield the highest rewards through repeated interaction with a stochastic environment. This setting is commonly modeled by cooperative…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-25 Evagoras Makridis , Themistoklis Charalambous

We propose a novel framework for structured bandits, which we call an influence diagram bandit. Our framework captures complex statistical dependencies between actions, latent variables, and observations; and thus unifies and extends many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Tong Yu , Branislav Kveton , Zheng Wen , Ruiyi Zhang , Ole J. Mengshoel

A key feature of sequential decision making under uncertainty is a need to balance between exploiting--choosing the best action according to the current knowledge, and exploring--obtaining information about values of other actions. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Dimitrije Markovic , Hrvoje Stojic , Sarah Schwoebel , Stefan J. Kiebel

We formalize sequential decision-making with information acquisition as the probing-augmented user-centric selection (PUCS) framework, where a learner first probes a subset of arms to obtain side information on resources and rewards, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tianyi Xu , Yiting Chen , Henger Li , Zheyong Bian , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Zizhan Zheng

In this paper we present a model for the hidden Markovian bandit problem with linear rewards. As opposed to current work on Markovian bandits, we do not assume that the state is known to the decision maker before making the decision.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Michal Yemini , Amir Leshem , Anelia Somekh-Baruch

In order to make good decision under uncertainty an agent must learn from observations. To do so, two of the most common frameworks are Contextual Bandits and Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). In this paper, we study whether there exist…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Andrea Zanette , Emma Brunskill

We define and analyze a multi-agent multi-armed bandit problem in which decision-making agents can observe the choices and rewards of their neighbors. Neighbors are defined by a network graph with heterogeneous and stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-22 Udari Madhushani , Naomi Ehrich Leonard

Time-series models typically assume untainted and legitimate streams of data. However, a self-interested adversary may have incentive to corrupt this data, thereby altering a decision maker's inference. Within the broader field of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-22 William N. Caballero , Jose Manuel Camacho , Tahir Ekin , Roi Naveiro

The contextual bandit has been identified as a powerful framework to formulate the recommendation process as a sequential decision-making process, where each item is regarded as an arm and the objective is to minimize the regret of $T$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Yikun Ban , Yunzhe Qi , Tianxin Wei , Lihui Liu , Jingrui He

This work formulates model selection as an infinite-armed bandit problem, namely, a problem in which a decision maker iteratively selects one of an infinite number of fixed choices (i.e., arms) when the properties of each choice are only…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Margaux Brégère , Julie Keisler

In online algorithm selection (OAS), instances of an algorithmic problem class are presented to an agent one after another, and the agent has to quickly select a presumably best algorithm from a fixed set of candidate algorithms. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Alexander Tornede , Viktor Bengs , Eyke Hüllermeier

In this work, we consider an online robust Markov Decision Process (MDP) where we have the information of finitely many prototypes of the underlying transition kernel. We consider an adaptively updated ambiguity set of the prototypes and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Shuo Sun , Meng Qi , Zuo-Jun Max Shen

We consider model selection for sequential decision making in stochastic environments with bandit feedback, where a meta-learner has at its disposal a pool of base learners, and decides on the fly which action to take based on the policies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Aldo Pacchiano , Christoph Dann , Claudio Gentile

Online learning to rank sequentially recommends a small list of items to users from a large candidate set and receives the users' click feedback. In many real-world scenarios, users browse the recommended list in order and click the first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Jize Xie , Cheng Chen , Zhiyong Wang , Shuai Li

Contextual online decision-making problems with constraints appear in a wide range of real-world applications, such as adaptive experimental design under safety constraints, personalized recommendation with resource limits, and dynamic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-23 Haichen Hu , David Simchi-Levi , Navid Azizan

We consider a multi-armed bandit setting in which each arm has a public and a private reward distribution. An observer expects an agent to follow Thompson Sampling according to the public rewards, however, the deceptive agent aims to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 I. Arda Vurankaya , Mustafa O. Karabag , Wesley A. Suttle , Jesse Milzman , David Fridovich-Keil , Ufuk Topcu

Multi-dueling bandits, where a learner selects $m \geq 2$ arms per round and observes only the winner, arise naturally in many applications including ranking and recommendation systems, yet a fundamental question has remained open: can a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 S Akash , Pratik Gajane , Jawar Singh

The Competing Bandits framework is a recently emerging area that integrates multi-armed bandits in online learning with stable matching in game theory. While conventional models assume that all players and arms are constantly available, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Shinnosuke Uba , Yutaro Yamaguchi

We consider online learning problems under a partial observability model capturing situations where the information conveyed to the learner is between full information and bandit feedback. In the simplest variant, we assume that in addition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tomas Kocak , Gergely Neu , Michal Valko , Remi Munos