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In recent years, artificial intelligence has played an important role on accelerating the whole process of drug discovery. Various of molecular representation schemes of different modals (e.g. textual sequence or graph) are developed. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Tianyu Wu , Yang Tang , Qiyu Sun , Luolin Xiong

We present SNIPER, an algorithm for performing efficient multi-scale training in instance level visual recognition tasks. Instead of processing every pixel in an image pyramid, SNIPER processes context regions around ground-truth instances…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Bharat Singh , Mahyar Najibi , Larry S. Davis

Synthesis planning and reaction outcome prediction are two fundamental problems in computer-aided organic chemistry for which a variety of data-driven approaches have emerged. Natural language approaches that model each problem as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Zhengkai Tu , Connor W. Coley

We present a bottom-up differentiable relaxation of the process of drawing points, lines and curves into a pixel raster. Our approach arises from the observation that rasterising a pixel in an image given parameters of a primitive can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Daniela Mihai , Jonathon Hare

This study presents a new lossy image compression method that utilizes the multi-scale features of natural images. Our model consists of two networks: multi-scale lossy autoencoder and parallel multi-scale lossless coder. The multi-scale…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-17 Ken Nakanishi , Shin-ichi Maeda , Takeru Miyato , Daisuke Okanohara

We introduce the concept of derivate-based component-trees for images with an arbitrary number of channels. The approach is a natural extension of the classical component-tree devoted to gray-scale images. The similar structure enables the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Tobias Böttger , Dominik Gutermuth

Molecular property prediction (MPP) is a fundamental but challenging task in the computer-aided drug discovery process. More and more recent works employ different graph-based models for MPP, which have made considerable progress in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Bangyi Zhao , Weixia Xu , Jihong Guan , Shuigeng Zhou

Descriptor generation methods using latent representations of encoder$-$decoder (ED) models with SMILES as input are useful because of the continuity of descriptor and restorability to the structure. However, it is not clear how the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-04-14 Shumpei Nemoto , Tadahaya Mizuno , Hiroyuki Kusuhara

In this paper, we consider a different data format for images: vector graphics. In contrast to raster graphics which are widely used in image recognition, vector graphics can be scaled up or down into any resolution without aliasing or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Xinyang Jiang , Lu Liu , Caihua Shan , Yifei Shen , Xuanyi Dong , Dongsheng Li

In this work, we propose a simple transformer-based baseline for multimodal molecular representation learning, integrating three distinct modalities: SMILES strings, 2D graph representations, and 3D conformers of molecules. A key aspect of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Andrei Manolache , Dragos Tantaru , Mathias Niepert

Every molecule ever synthesised can be drawn as a 2D skeletal diagram, yet in modern property prediction this universally available representation has received less focus in favour of molecular graphs, 3D conformers, or billion-parameter…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Aaditya Baranwal , Akshaj Gupta , Shruti Vyas , Yogesh S Rawat

Molecule generation is a challenging open problem in cheminformatics. Currently, deep generative approaches addressing the challenge belong to two broad categories, differing in how molecules are represented. One approach encodes molecular…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-02 Marco Podda , Davide Bacciu , Alessio Micheli

Molecular optimization is a central task in drug discovery that requires precise structural reasoning and domain knowledge. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating high-level editing intentions in natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Wenyu Zhu , Chengzhu Li , Xiaohe Tian , Yifan Wang , Yinjun Jia , Jianhui Wang , Bowen Gao , Ya-Qin Zhang , Wei-Ying Ma , Yanyan Lan

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful and widely used tools for molecular structure elucidation in organic chemistry. However, the interpretation of NMR spectra to determine unknown molecular structures…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Yongqi Jin , Jun-Jie Wang , Fanjie Xu , Xiaohong Ji , Zhifeng Gao , Linfeng Zhang , Guolin Ke , Rong Zhu , Weinan E

Molecular language modeling tasks such as molecule captioning have been recognized for their potential to further understand molecular properties that can aid drug discovery or material synthesis based on chemical reactions. Unlike the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Sangyeup Kim , Nayeon Kim , Yinhua Piao , Sun Kim

Recent years have seen rapid development of descriptor generation based on representation learning of extremely diverse molecules, especially those that apply natural language processing (NLP) models to SMILES, a literal representation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yasuhiro Yoshikai , Tadahaya Mizuno , Shumpei Nemoto , Hiroyuki Kusuhara

Deep generative models have been praised for their ability to learn smooth latent representation of images, text, and audio, which can then be used to generate new, plausible data. However, current generative models are unable to work with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Bidisha Samanta , Abir De , Gourhari Jana , Pratim Kumar Chattaraj , Niloy Ganguly , Manuel Gomez-Rodriguez

The potential number of drug like small molecules is estimated to be between 10^23 and 10^60 while current databases of known compounds are orders of magnitude smaller with approximately 10^8 compounds. This discrepancy has led to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-18 Esben Jannik Bjerrum , Richard Threlfall

Sparse graph recovery methods work well where the data follows their assumptions but often they are not designed for doing downstream probabilistic queries. This limits their adoption to only identifying connections among the input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Harsh Shrivastava , Urszula Chajewska

Non--Contact Atomic Force Microscopy with CO--functionalized metal tips (referred to as HR-AFM) provides access to the internal structure of individual molecules adsorbed on a surface with totally unprecedented resolution. Previous works…