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The global economy is increasingly dependent on knowledge workers to meet the needs of public and private organizations. While there is no single definition of knowledge work, organizations and industry groups still attempt to measure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Jillian Bommarito , Michael Bommarito , Daniel Martin Katz , Jessica Katz

The risks of frontier AI may require international cooperation, which in turn may require verification: checking that all parties follow agreed-on rules. For instance, states might need to verify that powerful AI models are widely deployed…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Mauricio Baker , Gabriel Kulp , Oliver Marks , Miles Brundage , Lennart Heim

Open-domain question answering (QA) is an important problem in AI and NLP that is emerging as a bellwether for progress on the generalizability of AI methods and techniques. Much of the progress in open-domain QA systems has been realized…

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems approach and surpass expert human performance across a broad range of tasks, obtaining high-quality human supervision for evaluation and training becomes increasingly challenging. Our focus is on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ren Yin , Takashi Ishida , Masashi Sugiyama

Search agents are language models (LMs) that reason and search knowledge bases (or the web) to answer questions; recent methods supervise only the final answer accuracy using reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). Most RLVR…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 James Burgess , Jan N. Hansen , Duo Peng , Yuhui Zhang , Alejandro Lozano , Min Woo Sun , Emma Lundberg , Serena Yeung-Levy

In this thesis, we investigated the relevance, faithfulness, and succinctness aspects of Long Form Question Answering (LFQA). LFQA aims to generate an in-depth, paragraph-length answer for a given question, to help bridge the gap between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Dan Su

Despite the steady progress in machine translation evaluation, existing automatic metrics struggle to capture how well meaning is preserved beyond sentence boundaries. We posit that reliance on a single intrinsic quality score, trained to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Patrick Fernandes , Sweta Agrawal , Emmanouil Zaranis , André F. T. Martins , Graham Neubig

Existing question answering (QA) datasets fail to train QA systems to perform complex reasoning and provide explanations for answers. We introduce HotpotQA, a new dataset with 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs with four key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Zhilin Yang , Peng Qi , Saizheng Zhang , Yoshua Bengio , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Christopher D. Manning

Popular QA benchmarks like SQuAD have driven progress on the task of identifying answer spans within a specific passage, with models now surpassing human performance. However, retrieving relevant answers from a huge corpus of documents is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Amin Ahmad , Noah Constant , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer

Progress in cross-lingual modeling depends on challenging, realistic, and diverse evaluation sets. We introduce Multilingual Knowledge Questions and Answers (MKQA), an open-domain question answering evaluation set comprising 10k…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Shayne Longpre , Yi Lu , Joachim Daiber

Visual events are a composition of temporal actions involving actors spatially interacting with objects. When developing computer vision models that can reason about compositional spatio-temporal events, we need benchmarks that can analyze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin , Ranjay Krishna , Maneesh Agrawala

In high-stakes domains like legal question-answering, the accuracy and trustworthiness of generative AI systems are of paramount importance. This work presents a comprehensive benchmark of various methods to assess the groundedness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Dietrich Trautmann , Natalia Ostapuk , Quentin Grail , Adrian Alan Pol , Guglielmo Bonifazi , Shang Gao , Martin Gajek

Constructing a Q-matrix is a critical but labor-intensive step in cognitive diagnostic modeling (CDM). This study investigates whether AI tools (i.e., general language models) can support Q-matrix development by comparing AI-generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Kevin Fan , Jacquelyn A. Bialo , Hongli Li

Ensuring that AI systems reliably and robustly avoid harmful or dangerous behaviours is a crucial challenge, especially for AI systems with a high degree of autonomy and general intelligence, or systems used in safety-critical contexts. In…

Despite their sophisticated capabilities, large language models (LLMs) encounter a major hurdle in effective assessment. This paper first revisits the prevalent evaluation method-multiple choice question answering (MCQA), which allows for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Fangyun Wei , Xi Chen , Lin Luo

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have achieved impressive results today, but not all generated images are perfect. A number of quantitative criteria have recently emerged for generative model, but none of them are designed for a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-15 Shuyang Gu , Jianmin Bao , Dong Chen , Fang Wen

Auditing plays a pivotal role in the development of trustworthy AI. However, current research primarily focuses on creating auditable AI documentation, which is intended for regulators and experts rather than end-users affected by AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Nicolas Scharowski , Michaela Benk , Swen J. Kühne , Léane Wettstein , Florian Brühlmann

This paper introduces MedMCQA, a new large-scale, Multiple-Choice Question Answering (MCQA) dataset designed to address real-world medical entrance exam questions. More than 194k high-quality AIIMS \& NEET PG entrance exam MCQs covering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Ankit Pal , Logesh Kumar Umapathi , Malaikannan Sankarasubbu

Knowledge-based visual question answering (VQA) involves answering questions that require external knowledge not present in the image. Existing methods first retrieve knowledge from external resources, then reason over the selected…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Zhengyuan Yang , Zhe Gan , Jianfeng Wang , Xiaowei Hu , Yumao Lu , Zicheng Liu , Lijuan Wang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) perform (and sometimes excel at) more and more complex cognitive tasks, a natural question is whether AI really understands. The study of understanding in LLMs is in its infancy, and the community has yet to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mirabel Reid , Santosh S. Vempala