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Machine reading is a fundamental task for testing the capability of natural language understanding, which is closely related to human cognition in many aspects. With the rising of deep learning techniques, algorithmic models rival human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Jian Liu , Leyang Cui , Hanmeng Liu , Dandan Huang , Yile Wang , Yue Zhang

With the recent spike in the number and availability of Large Language Models (LLMs), it has become increasingly important to provide large and realistic benchmarks for evaluating Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) systems. So far…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Catherine Kosten , Philippe Cudré-Mauroux , Kurt Stockinger

Objective: Question answering (QA) systems have the potential to improve the quality of clinical care by providing health professionals with the latest and most relevant evidence. However, QA systems have not been widely adopted. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Gregory Kell , Angus Roberts , Serge Umansky , Linglong Qian , Davide Ferrari , Frank Soboczenski , Byron Wallace , Nikhil Patel , Iain J Marshall

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) systems rely on high-quality benchmarks to evaluate complex multi-hop reasoning. However, despite their widespread use, popular datasets such as WebQSP and CWQ suffer from critical quality issues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Liangliang Zhang , Zhuorui Jiang , Hongliang Chi , Haoyang Chen , Mohammed Elkoumy , Fali Wang , Qiong Wu , Zhengyi Zhou , Shirui Pan , Suhang Wang , Yao Ma

While day-to-day questions come with a variety of answer types, the current question-answering (QA) literature has failed to adequately address the answer diversity of questions. To this end, we present GooAQ, a large-scale dataset with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Daniel Khashabi , Amos Ng , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Chris Callison-Burch

Question answering over knowledge graphs (KGQA) has evolved from simple single-fact questions to complex questions that require graph traversal and aggregation. We propose a novel approach for complex KGQA that uses unsupervised message…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Svitlana Vakulenko , Javier David Fernandez Garcia , Axel Polleres , Maarten de Rijke , Michael Cochez

We present NeuroQA, a large-scale benchmark for visual question answering in 3D brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with 56,953 QA pairs from 12,977 subjects across 12 datasets. It spans ages 5-104 and five clinical domains:…

We present SimpleQA, a benchmark that evaluates the ability of language models to answer short, fact-seeking questions. We prioritized two properties in designing this eval. First, SimpleQA is challenging, as it is adversarially collected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jason Wei , Nguyen Karina , Hyung Won Chung , Yunxin Joy Jiao , Spencer Papay , Amelia Glaese , John Schulman , William Fedus

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools based on large language models have acheived human-level performance on some computer programming tasks. We report several experiments using GPT-4 to generate computer code. These experiments demonstrate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Russell A Poldrack , Thomas Lu , Gašper Beguš

There is a lack of enough qualified teachers across Africa which hampers efforts to provide adequate learning support such as educational question answering (EQA) to students. An AI system that can enable students to ask questions via text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 George Boateng , Victor Kumbol , Elsie Effah Kaufmann

This study evaluates $n = 300$ short-form physics essay submissions, equally divided between student work submitted before the introduction of ChatGPT and those generated by OpenAI's GPT-4. In blinded evaluations conducted by five…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-03-11 Will Yeadon , Elise Agra , Oto-obong Inyang , Paul Mackay , Arin Mizouri

Context: The advent of Large Language Model-driven tools like ChatGPT offers software engineers an interactive alternative to community question-answering (CQA) platforms like Stack Overflow. While Stack Overflow provides benefits from the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Mohammed Mehedi Hasan , Mahady Hasan , Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz , Jannat Un Nayeem Iqra

The autonomous discovery of bugs remains a significant challenge in modern software development. Compared to code generation, the complexity of dynamic runtime environments makes bug discovery considerably harder for large language models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Shufan Jiang , Chios Chen , Zhiyang Chen

Visual Question Answering (VQA) in its ideal form lets us study reasoning in the joint space of vision and language and serves as a proxy for the AI task of scene understanding. However, most VQA benchmarks to date are focused on questions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Kenneth Marino , Mohammad Rastegari , Ali Farhadi , Roozbeh Mottaghi

\Ac{LFQA} aims to generate lengthy answers to complex questions. This scenario presents great flexibility as well as significant challenges for evaluation. Most evaluations rely on deterministic metrics that depend on string or n-gram…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ning Xian , Yixing Fan , Ruqing Zhang , Maarten de Rijke , Jiafeng Guo

We introduce SimpleQA Verified, a 1,000-prompt benchmark for evaluating Large Language Model (LLM) short-form factuality based on OpenAI's SimpleQA. It addresses critical limitations in OpenAI's benchmark, including noisy and incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Lukas Haas , Gal Yona , Giovanni D'Antonio , Sasha Goldshtein , Dipanjan Das

Humans gather information by engaging in conversations involving a series of interconnected questions and answers. For machines to assist in information gathering, it is therefore essential to enable them to answer conversational questions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Siva Reddy , Danqi Chen , Christopher D. Manning

Over the last twenty years, significant progress has been made in designing and implementing Question Answering (QA) systems. However, addressing complex questions, the answers to which are spread across multiple documents, remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Sourav Saha , Dwaipayan Roy , Mandar Mitra

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly accelerated the development of search agents capable of autonomously gathering information through multi-turn web interactions. Various benchmarks have been proposed to…

Community Question Answering (CQA) websites have become valuable repositories which host a massive volume of human knowledge. To maximize the utility of such knowledge, it is essential to evaluate the quality of an existing question or…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Yuan Yao , Hanghang Tong , Tao Xie , Leman Akoglu , Feng Xu , Jian Lu