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Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used to efficiently adapt Transformers by adding trainable low-rank matrices to attention projections. While effective, these matrices are considered independent for each attention projection (Query,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Axel Marmoret , Reda Bensaid , Jonathan Lys , Vincent Gripon , François Leduc-Primeau

This paper introduces Bayesian Hierarchical Low-Rank Adaption (BoRA), a novel method for finetuning multi-task Large Language Models (LLMs). Current finetuning approaches, such as Low-Rank Adaption (LoRA), perform exeptionally well in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Simen Eide , Arnoldo Frigessi

The rapid development of parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods has noticeably improved the efficiency of adapting large language models. Among these, LoRA has gained widespread popularity due to its strong balance of effectiveness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yongfu Xue

Supervised fine-tuning is the most common method to adapt large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, but full fine-tuning LLMs requires massive computational resources. Recently, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Xiangdi Meng , Damai Dai , Weiyao Luo , Zhe Yang , Shaoxiang Wu , Xiaochen Wang , Peiyi Wang , Qingxiu Dong , Liang Chen , Zhifang Sui

Training large models ranging from millions to billions of parameters is highly resource-intensive, requiring significant time, compute, and memory. It is observed that most of the learning (higher change in weights) takes place in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Krishu K Thapa , Reet Barik , Krishna Teja Chitty-Venkata , Murali Emani , Venkatram Vishwanath

While Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables parameter-efficient fine-tuning for Large Language Models (LLMs), its performance often falls short of Full Fine-Tuning (Full FT). Current methods optimize LoRA by initializing with static singular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Chenghao Fan , Zhenyi Lu , Sichen Liu , Chengfeng Gu , Xiaoye Qu , Wei Wei , Yu Cheng

In this paper, we show that Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) as originally introduced in Hu et al. (2021) leads to suboptimal finetuning of models with large width (embedding dimension). This is due to the fact that adapter matrices A and B in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Soufiane Hayou , Nikhil Ghosh , Bin Yu

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various tasks. Yet, fine-tuning such massive models in federated learning (FL) settings poses significant challenges due to resource constraints and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Bumjun Kim , Wan Choi

Processing visual data often involves small adjustments or sequences of changes, e.g., image filtering, surface smoothing, and animation. While established graphics techniques like normal mapping and video compression exploit redundancy to…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Anh Truong , Ahmed H. Mahmoud , Mina Konaković Luković , Justin Solomon

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has become a standard approach for fine-tuning large foundation models. However, our theoretical understanding of LoRA remains limited as prior analyses of LoRA's training dynamics either rely on linearization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Junsu Kim , Jaeyeon Kim , Ernest K. Ryu

As large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly compute and memory intensive, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods are now a common strategy to fine-tune LLMs. A popular PEFT method is Low-Rank Adapters (LoRA), which adds…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Damjan Kalajdzievski

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a widely adopted parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) technique for foundation models. Recent work has highlighted an inherent asymmetry in the initialization of LoRA's low-rank factors, which has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-18 Anastasis Kratsios , Tin Sum Cheng , Aurelien Lucchi , Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde

Despite large neural networks demonstrating remarkable abilities to complete different tasks, they require excessive memory usage to store the optimization states for training. To alleviate this, the low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Yongchang Hao , Yanshuai Cao , Lili Mou

Continual learning (CL), which requires the model to learn multiple tasks sequentially, is crucial for large language models (LLMs). Recently, low-rank adaptation~(LoRA), one of the most representative parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yan-Shuo Liang , Jia-Rui Chen , Wu-Jun Li

Self-supervised speech models are a rapidly developing research topic in fake audio detection. Many pre-trained models can serve as feature extractors, learning richer and higher-level speech features. However,when fine-tuning pre-trained…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Chenglong Wang , Jiangyan Yi , Xiaohui Zhang , Jianhua Tao , Le Xu , Ruibo Fu

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a widely used strategy for efficient fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs), but its strictly linear structure fundamentally limits expressive capacity. The bilinear formulation of weight updates captures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Wenhao Zhang , Lin Mu , Li Ni , Peiquan Jin , Yiwen Zhang

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) and storing them for each downstream task or domain is impractical because of the massive model size (e.g., 350GB in GPT-3). Current literature, such as LoRA, showcases the potential of low-rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Soroush Abbasi Koohpayegani , KL Navaneet , Parsa Nooralinejad , Soheil Kolouri , Hamed Pirsiavash

Adapters and Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) are parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques designed to make the training of language models more efficient. Previous results demonstrated that these methods can even improve performance on some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Olesya Razuvayevskaya , Ben Wu , Joao A. Leite , Freddy Heppell , Ivan Srba , Carolina Scarton , Kalina Bontcheva , Xingyi Song

Efficiently updating Large Language Models (LLMs) with new or evolving factual knowledge remains a central challenge, as even parameter-efficient adaptation can erode previously acquired reasoning abilities. This tension reflects a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mustafa Hayri Bilgin , Mariam Barry , Albert Bifet , Azzedine Idir Ait Said , Soumya Banerjee

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is one of the most popular methods among parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods to adapt pre-trained large language models (LLMs) to specific downstream tasks. However, the model trained based on LoRA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yixing Xu , Chao Li , Xuanwu Yin , Spandan Tiwari , Dong Li , Ashish Sirasao , Emad Barsoum