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Recent breakthroughs of large language models (LLMs) have exhibited superior capability across major industries and stimulated multi-hundred-billion-dollar investment in AI-centric data centers in the next 3-5 years. This, in turn, bring…
Emerging connect-and-manage interconnection practices allow gigawatt-scale artificial intelligence data centers (AIDCs) to connect to the transmission network without prior network upgrades, at the cost of real-time curtailment during grid…
This paper investigates the dynamic interactions between large-scale data centers and the power grid, focusing on reliability challenges arising from sudden fluctuations in demand. With the rapid growth of AI-driven workloads, such…
In this paper, we consider the expansion of power grids under emerging large loads from data centers and electrified manufacturing. We develop a multi-period grid capacity expansion model to determine optimal investment profiles for power…
At any sustained positive growth rate of energy demand, depletion of all terrestrial energy resources, including non-renewable deuterium fusion and renewable solar, occurs within a remarkably compressed period. The time to depletion is…
AI's growing compute demand and new datacenter buildouts present major capacity and reliability challenges for the electricity grid, leading to multi-year interconnection delays for new datacenters and bottlenecking AI growth. To ease this…
AI and renewable energy are increasingly framed as a "power couple" -- the idea that surging AI electricity demand will accelerate clean-energy investment -- yet concerns persist that AI will instead entrench fossil-fuel carbon lock-in. We…
One of the major issues with the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid is the increased uncertainty and variability that they bring. If this uncertainty is not sufficiently addressed, it will limit the further…
The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has raised concerns regarding its global environmental impact that extends beyond greenhouse gas emissions to include consideration of hardware…
AI data center loads create query-driven power transients on millisecond timescales. Such loads can violate the timescale separation assumptions underlying internal inverter control of grid-following resources collocated with data centers…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is driving rapid growth in electricity demand, yet the grid-facing power dynamics of AI data centers remain poorly understood. Here we show that, in shared-GPU systems, the composition of batch and inference…
Data centers (DCs) are emerging as large, geographically distributed, controllable loads whose participation in electricity markets can significantly affect grid operation, especially when cloud platforms shift workloads across sites to…
Data center electricity consumption reached 4.4% of U.S. total in 2023 and is projected to grow to 6.7--12% by 2028, imposing increasing stress on transmission networks while representing a largely untapped source of controllable…
The electric power supply for AI data centers is now the most significant bottleneck in the race toward Artificial General Intelligence, surpassing even the constraint of AI accelerator availability. To our knowledge, this paper is the…
The expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has driven substantial investment in computational infrastructure, especially by cloud computing providers. Quantifying the energy footprint of this infrastructure requires models…
A framework is established that assesses the impact of variations in artificial intelligence (AI) data center (DC) loads on the fatigue damage of steam/gas turbines of the synchronous generators (SGs) from torsional oscillations. Next, a…
The rapid growth of data centers is increasing energy demand and widening the carbon gap in the ICT sector, as fossil fuels still dominate global energy production. Addressing this challenge requires collaboration across research, policy,…
The rapid expansion of data center infrastructure is reshaping power system dynamics by significantly increasing electricity demand while also offering potential for fast and controllable flexibility. To ensure reliable operation under such…
The exponential growth of AI agents and connected devices fundamentally transforms the structure and capacity demands of global digital infrastructure. This paper introduces a unified forecasting model that projects AI agent populations to…
The accelerating expansion of AI workloads is colliding with an energy landscape increasingly dominated by intermittent renewable generation. While vast quantities of zero-carbon energy are routinely curtailed, today's centralized…