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In this paper we develop a quantum algorithm to realize finite temperature simulation on a quantum computer. As quantum computers use real-time evolution we did not use the imaginary time methods popular on classical algorithms. Instead, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-11 Raffaele Miceli , Michael McGuigan

We consider generalized quantum Ising models, including those which could describe disordered materials or quantum annealers, and we prove that for all temperatures above a system-size independent threshold the path integral Monte Carlo…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Elizabeth Crosson , Samuel Slezak

We present simulations of non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum field theories on digital quantum computers. As a representative example, we consider the Schwinger model, a 1+1 dimensional U(1) gauge theory, coupled through a Yukawa-type…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-19 Wibe A. de Jong , Kyle Lee , James Mulligan , Mateusz Płoskoń , Felix Ringer , Xiaojun Yao

Many computationally hard problems can be encoded in quantum Hamiltonians. The solution to these problems is given by the ground states of these Hamiltonians. A state-of-the-art algorithm for finding the ground state of a Hamiltonian is the…

We investigate the emergence of thermalization in a quantum field-theoretic model mimicking the production of jets in QCD -- the massive Schwinger model coupled to external sources. Specifically, we compute the expectation values of local…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-19 Adrien Florio , David Frenklakh , Sebastian Grieninger , Dmitri E. Kharzeev , Andrea Palermo , Shuzhe Shi

The Schrodinger equation describes how quantum states evolve according to the Hamiltonian of the system. For physical systems, we have it that the Hamiltonian must be a Hermitian operator to ensure unitary dynamics. For anti-Hermitian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Swagat Kumar , Colin Michael Wilmott

Dynamic quantum circuits combine mid-circuit measurement with classical feed-forward, enabling circuit constructions with reduced entangling-gate depth. Here, we investigate their use in Quantum Imaginary Time Evolution (QITE), where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Albert Lund , Erika Magnusson , Werner Dobrautz , Laura García-Álvarez

Quantum imaginary time evolution (QITE) is a recently proposed quantum-classical hybrid algorithm that is guaranteed to reach the lowest state of system. In this study, we present several improvements on QITE, mainly focusing on molecular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-02 Takashi Tsuchimochi , Yoohee Ryo , Seiichiro L. Ten-no

The Schwinger model (quantum electrodynamics in 1+1 dimensions) is a testbed for the study of quantum gauge field theories. We give scalable, explicit digital quantum algorithms to simulate the lattice Schwinger model in both NISQ and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-12 Alexander F. Shaw , Pavel Lougovski , Jesse R. Stryker , Nathan Wiebe

Quantum Imaginary-Time Evolution (QITE) is a powerful method for preparing ground states on quantum hardware. However, executing QITE has costly measurement budgets for general Hamiltonians. Both fidelity and computational cost are strongly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Julio Del Castillo , Mats Granath , Evert van Nieuwenburg

Simulating thermal-equilibrium properties at finite temperature is crucial for studying quantum many-body systems. Quantum computers are expected to enable us to simulate large systems at finite temperatures, overcoming challenges faced by…

The real- and imaginary-time evolution of quantum states are powerful tools in physics, chemistry, and beyond, to investigate quantum dynamics, prepare ground states or calculate thermodynamic observables. On near-term devices, variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Julien Gacon , Jannes Nys , Riccardo Rossi , Stefan Woerner , Giuseppe Carleo

We perform a digital quantum simulation of a gauge theory with a topological term in Minkowski spacetime, which is practically inaccessible by standard lattice Monte Carlo simulations. We focus on $1+1$ dimensional quantum electrodynamics…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2022-04-25 Bipasha Chakraborty , Masazumi Honda , Taku Izubuchi , Yuta Kikuchi , Akio Tomiya

Quantum imaginary time evolution (QITE) algorithm is one of the most promising variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), bridging the current era of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices and the future of fully fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Min Chen , Bingzhi Zhang , Quntao Zhuang , Junyu Liu

Calculations at finite temperatures are fundamental in different scientific fields, from nuclear physics to condensed matter. Evolution in imaginary time is a prominent classical technique for preparing thermal states of quantum systems. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Francesco Turro

The Schwinger model at finite temperature is analyzed using the Thermofield Dynamics formalism. The operator solution due to Lowenstein and Swieca is generalized to the case of finite temperature within the thermofield bosonization…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-12-13 L. V. Belvedere , R. L. P. G. Amaral , K. D. Rothe , A. F. Rodrigues

Solving the time-dependent quantum many-body Schr\"odinger equation is a challenging task, especially for states at a finite temperature, where the environment affects the dynamics. Most existing approximating methods are designed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Jannes Nys , Zakari Denis , Giuseppe Carleo

Quantum imaginary-time evolution (QITE) is a promising tool to prepare thermal or ground states of Hamiltonians, as convergence is guaranteed when the evolved state overlaps with the ground state. However, its implementation using a a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-20 Ioannis Kolotouros , David Joseph , Anand Kumar Narayanan

Simulating real-time dynamics of gauge theories represents a paradigmatic use case to test the hardware capabilities of a quantum computer, since it can involve non-trivial input states preparation, discretized time evolution, long-distance…

Characterizing quantum phases-of-matter at finite-temperature is essential for understanding complex materials and large-scale thermodynamic phenomena. Here, we develop algorithmic protocols for simulating quantum thermodynamics on quantum…