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Scaling inference for large language models (LLMs) is increasingly constrained by limited GPU memory, especially due to growing key-value (KV) caches required for long-context generation. While existing approaches offload KV caches to CPU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Weishu Deng , Yujie Yang , Peiran Du , Lingfeng Xiang , Zhen Lin , Chen Zhong , Song Jiang , Hui Lu , Jia Rao

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) are pivotal in industrial applications for their ability to scale performance efficiently. However, standard MoEs enforce uniform expert sizes,creating a rigidity that fails to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zhicheng Ma , Xiang Liu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Ning Wang , Yi Shen , Kai Wang , Shuming Shi , Shiguo Lian

Artificial intelligence and machine learning frameworks have served as computationally efficient mapping between inputs and outputs for engineering problems. These mappings have enabled optimization and analysis routines that have warranted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-17 Yigitcan Comlek , Sandipp Krishnan Ravi , Piyush Pandita , Sayan Ghosh , Liping Wang , Wei Chen

Emerging AI accelerators increasingly adopt wafer-scale manufacturing technologies, integrating hundreds of thousands of AI cores in a mesh architecture with large distributed on-chip memory (tens of GB in total) and ultra-high on-chip…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Congjie He , Yeqi Huang , Pei Mu , Ziming Miao , Jilong Xue , Lingxiao Ma , Fan Yang , Luo Mai

Efficient GPU programming is crucial for achieving high performance in deep learning (DL) applications. The performance of GPU programs depends on how data is parallelized across threads and arranged within memory subsystems. The mapping…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Xiao Zhang , Yaoyao Ding , Bolin Sun , Yang Hu , Tatiana Shpeisman , Gennady Pekhimenko

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across various application domains, but their enormous sizes and computational demands pose significant challenges for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. To…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Kai Zhang , Hengtao He , Shenghui Song , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to tackle increasingly complex tasks through advanced reasoning, long-form content generation, and tool use. Solving these tasks often involves long inference-time computations. In…

Large language models represent a groundbreaking shift in generative AI. Yet, these advances come with a significant challenge: the high cost of model serving. To mitigate these costs, consumer-grade GPUs emerge as a more affordable…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Lewei Jin , Yongqi Chen , Kui Zhang , Yifan Zhuo , Yi Gao , Bowei Yang , Zhengong Cai , Wei Dong

Recent innovations in generative large language models (LLMs) have made their applications and use-cases ubiquitous. This has led to large-scale deployments of these models, using complex, expensive, and power-hungry AI accelerators, most…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Pratyush Patel , Esha Choukse , Chaojie Zhang , Aashaka Shah , Íñigo Goiri , Saeed Maleki , Ricardo Bianchini

Existing works on large language model (LLM) decomposition mainly focus on improving performance on downstream tasks, but they ignore the poor parallel inference performance when trying to scale up the model size. To mitigate this important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 You-Liang Huang , Xinhao Huang , Chengxi Liao , Zeyi Wen

We propose a generic algorithmic building block to accelerate training of machine learning models on heterogeneous compute systems. Our scheme allows to efficiently employ compute accelerators such as GPUs and FPGAs for the training of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Celestine Dünner , Thomas Parnell , Martin Jaggi

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance across various natural language processing tasks. Serving LLM inference for generating long contents, however, poses a challenge due to the enormous memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Wonbeom Lee , Jungi Lee , Junghwan Seo , Jaewoong Sim

Recently the generative Large Language Model (LLM) has achieved remarkable success in numerous applications. Notably its inference generates output tokens one-by-one, leading to many redundant computations. The widely-used KV-Cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Weizhuo Li , Zhigang Wang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

While large language models (LLMs) bring not only performance but also complexity, recent work has started to turn LLMs into data generators rather than task inferencers, where another affordable task model is trained for efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Jiacheng Ye , Chengzu Li , Lingpeng Kong , Tao Yu

In the past decade, high performance compute capabilities exhibited by heterogeneous GPGPU platforms have led to the popularity of data parallel programming languages such as CUDA and OpenCL. Such languages, however, involve a steep…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Anirban Ghose , Siddharth Singh , Vivek Kulaharia , Lokesh Dokara , Srijeeta Maity , Soumyajit Dey

The rapid adoption of generative AI (GenAI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has exposed critical limitations of cloud-centric deployments, including latency, cost, and privacy concerns. Meanwhile, Small Language Models (SLMs)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Roberto Morabito , SiYoung Jang

Large Language Models (LLMs) for Generative AI have achieved remarkable progress, evolving into sophisticated and versatile tools widely adopted across various domains and applications. However, the substantial memory overhead caused by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ranran Zhen , Juntao Li , Yixin Ji , Zhenlin Yang , Tong Liu , Qingrong Xia , Xinyu Duan , Zhefeng Wang , Baoxing Huai , Min Zhang

Multi-agent systems powered by large language models have emerged as a promising paradigm for solving complex reasoning tasks through collaborative intelligence. However, efficiently deploying these systems on serverless GPU platforms…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Guilin Zhang , Wulan Guo , Ziqi Tan

Large language models (LLMs) require enormous computing power to pretrain on massive datasets. When limited datasets are available, smaller-sized LLMs are better choice to pretrain (on user-specified datasets) by following the scaling laws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Praveen Rao

Generative AI (GenAI) has transformed applications in natural language processing and content creation, yet centralized inference remains hindered by high latency, limited customizability, and privacy concerns. Deploying large models (LMs)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Haiyuan Li , Hari Madhukumar , Shuangyi Yan , Yulei Wu , Dimitra Simeonidou