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Recently, there has been a demand to deploy Large Language Models (LLMs) on personal devices such as laptops and smartphones. These LLMs have different model variants when handling different tasks. However, personal devices have limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Weilin Zhao , Yuxiang Huang , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Zhengyan Zhang , Kuai Li , Chen Chen , Tao Yang , Maosong Sun

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as LoRA, reduces the number of trainable parameters. However, they often suffer from scalability issues and differences between their learning pattern and full fine-tuning. To overcome these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hamid Nasiri , Peter Garraghan

LoRA is a technique that reduces the number of trainable parameters in a neural network by introducing low-rank adapters to linear layers. This technique is used both for fine-tuning and full training of large language models. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Daria Cherniuk , Aleksandr Mikhalev , Ivan Oseledets

Multi-Criteria Decision Making~(MCDM) is widely applied in various fields, using quantitative and qualitative analyses of multiple levels and attributes to support decision makers in making scientific and rational decisions in complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hui Wang , Fafa Zhang , Chaoxu Mu

Large pre-trained models are commonly adapted to downstream tasks using parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), which injects small trainable low-rank matrices instead of updating all weights. While LoRA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nurbek Tastan , Stefanos Laskaridis , Martin Takac , Karthik Nandakumar , Samuel Horvath

As a parameter efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method, low-rank adaptation (LoRA) can save significant costs in storage and computing, but its strong adaptability to a single task is often accompanied by insufficient cross-task generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Shaoheng Wang , Yao Lu , Yuqi Li , Yaxin Gao , Jiaqi Nie , Shanqing Yu , Yingli Tian , Qi Xuan

The rapid development of parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods has noticeably improved the efficiency of adapting large language models. Among these, LoRA has gained widespread popularity due to its strong balance of effectiveness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yongfu Xue

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven highly effective in automating software engineering tasks, bridging natural language and code semantics to achieve notable results in code generation and summarization. However, their scale incurs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Md Zahidul Haque , Saima Afrin , Antonio Mastropaolo

Federated fine-tuning has emerged as a promising approach to adapt foundation models to downstream tasks using decentralized data. However, real-world deployment remains challenging due to the high computational and communication demands of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Yajie Zhou , Xiaoyi Pang , Zhibo Wang

Foundation models have revolutionized AI, but adapting them efficiently for multimodal tasks, particularly in dual-stream architectures composed of unimodal encoders, such as DINO and BERT, remains a significant challenge.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Wish Suharitdamrong , Tony Alex , Muhammad Awais , Sara Ahmed

Effective instruction fine-tuning on diverse image-text datasets is crucial for developing a versatile Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM), where dataset composition dictates the model's adaptability across multimodal tasks. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Xuyang Wei , Chunlin Tian , Li Li

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a cost-effective way to incorporate information from a specific dataset. However, when a problem requires incorporating information from multiple datasets - as in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Liyi Zhang , Jake Snell , Thomas L. Griffiths

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques, particularly Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), have become essential for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. While the recent FlyLoRA framework successfully leverages…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yuxin Yang , Haoran Zhang , Mingxuan Li , Jiachen Xu , Ruoxi Shen , Zhenyu Wang , Tianhao Liu , Siqi Chen , Weilin Huang

Low-rank adaption (LoRA) is a widely used parameter-efficient finetuning method for LLM that reduces memory requirements. However, current LoRA optimizers lack transformation invariance, meaning the actual updates to the weights depends on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Jui-Nan Yen , Si Si , Zhao Meng , Felix Yu , Sai Surya Duvvuri , Inderjit S. Dhillon , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Sanjiv Kumar

While overparameterization in machine learning models offers great benefits in terms of optimization and generalization, it also leads to increased computational requirements as model sizes grow. In this work, we show that by leveraging the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Can Yaras , Peng Wang , Laura Balzano , Qing Qu

As one of the most popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is commonly applied to fine-tune large language models (LLMs). However, updating the weights of LoRA blocks effectively and expeditiously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Shuhua Shi , Shaohan Huang , Minghui Song , Zhoujun Li , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, particularly Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), offer an efficient way to adapt large language models with reduced computational costs. However, their performance is limited by the small number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Hengyuan Zhang , Xinrong Chen , Yingmin Qiu , Xiao Liang , Ziyue Li , Guanyu Wang , Weiping Li , Tong Mo , Hayden Kwok-Hay So , Ngai Wong

Multi-task learning (MTL) benefits the fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) by providing a single model with improved performance and generalization ability across tasks, presenting a resource-efficient alternative to developing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zi Gong , Hang Yu , Cong Liao , Bingchang Liu , Chaoyu Chen , Jianguo Li

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has proven effective in reducing computational costs while maintaining performance comparable to fully fine-tuned foundation models across various tasks. However, its fixed low-rank structure restricts its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Chuyan Zhang , Kefan Wang , Yun Gu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a standard tool for parameter-efficient finetuning of large models. While it induces a small memory footprint, its training dynamics can be surprisingly complex as they depend on several hyperparameters such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nan Chen , Soledad Villar , Soufiane Hayou
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