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Proteins are dynamic, adopting ensembles of conformations. The nature of this conformational heterogenity is imprinted in the raw electron density measurements obtained from X-ray crystallography experiments. Fitting an ensemble of protein…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-19 Sai Advaith Maddipatla , Nadav Bojan Sellam , Sanketh Vedula , Ailie Marx , Alex Bronstein

Inverse protein folding -- the task of predicting a protein sequence from its backbone atom coordinates -- has surfaced as an important problem in the "top down", de novo design of proteins. Contemporary approaches have cast this problem as…

Generative models emerge as promising candidates for novel sequence-data driven approaches to protein design, and for the extraction of structural and functional information about proteins deeply hidden in rapidly growing sequence…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-10 Jeanne Trinquier , Guido Uguzzoni , Andrea Pagnani , Francesco Zamponi , Martin Weigt

Proteins exist as a dynamic ensemble of multiple conformations, and these motions are often crucial for their functions. However, current structure prediction methods predominantly yield a single conformation, overlooking the conformational…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-18 Advaith Maddipatla , Nadav Bojan Sellam , Meital Bojan , Sanketh Vedula , Paul Schanda , Ailie Marx , Alex M. Bronstein

The ability to computationally generate novel yet physically foldable protein structures could lead to new biological discoveries and new treatments targeting yet incurable diseases. Despite recent advances in protein structure prediction,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-28 Kevin E. Wu , Kevin K. Yang , Rianne van den Berg , James Y. Zou , Alex X. Lu , Ava P. Amini

Generative modeling has become a central paradigm in protein research, extending machine learning beyond structure prediction toward sequence design, backbone generation, inverse folding, and biomolecular interaction modeling. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Senura Hansaja Wanasekara , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Xiaochen Liu , Nguyen H. Tran , Ken-Tye Yong

Accurate protein structures are essential for understanding biological function, yet incorporating experimental data into protein generative models remains a major challenge. Most predictors of experimental observables are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Nadav Bojan Sellam , Meital Bojan , Paul Schanda , Alex Bronstein

We study how to generate molecule conformations (i.e., 3D structures) from a molecular graph. Traditional methods, such as molecular dynamics, sample conformations via computationally expensive simulations. Recently, machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Minkai Xu , Shitong Luo , Yoshua Bengio , Jian Peng , Jian Tang

The biological functions of proteins often depend on dynamic structural ensembles. In this work, we develop a flow-based generative modeling approach for learning and sampling the conformational landscapes of proteins. We repurpose highly…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-04 Bowen Jing , Bonnie Berger , Tommi Jaakkola

Generative artificial intelligence models learn probability distributions from data and produce novel samples that capture the salient properties of their training sets. Proteins are particularly attractive for such approaches given their…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-27 Filippo Stocco , Michele Garibbo , Noelia Ferruz

Deep generative models have recently been proposed for sampling protein conformations from the Boltzmann distribution, as an alternative to often prohibitively expensive Molecular Dynamics simulations. However, current state-of-the-art…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-13 Nicolas Wolf , Leif Seute , Vsevolod Viliuga , Simon Wagner , Jan Stühmer , Frauke Gräter

Protein dynamics play a crucial role in protein biological functions and properties, and their traditional study typically relies on time-consuming molecular dynamics (MD) simulations conducted in silico. Recent advances in generative…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-02 Jiarui Lu , Xiaoyin Chen , Stephen Zhewen Lu , Aurélie Lozano , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Payel Das , Jian Tang

The protein dynamics are common and important for their biological functions and properties, the study of which usually involves time-consuming molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in silico. Recently, generative models has been leveraged as…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-13 Jiarui Lu , Zuobai Zhang , Bozitao Zhong , Chence Shi , Jian Tang

Recent advances in geometric deep learning and generative modeling have enabled the design of novel proteins with a wide range of desired properties. However, current state-of-the-art approaches are typically restricted to generating…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-26 Vsevolod Viliuga , Leif Seute , Nicolas Wolf , Simon Wagner , Arne Elofsson , Jan Stühmer , Frauke Gräter

Coarse-graining (CG) accelerates molecular simulations of protein dynamics by simulating sets of atoms as singular beads. Backmapping is the opposite operation of bringing lost atomistic details back from the CG representation. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Soojung Yang , Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli

We present a diffusion-based, generative model for conformer generation. Our model is focused on the reproduction of bonded structure and is constructed from the associated terms traditionally found in classical force fields to ensure a…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-18 David C. Williams , Neil Inala

Understanding the dynamic behavior of proteins is critical to elucidating their functional mechanisms, yet generating realistic, temporally coherent trajectories of protein ensembles remains a significant challenge. In this work, we…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-11 Yaoyao Xu , Di Wang , Zihan Zhou , Tianshu Yu , Mingchen Chen

Proteins are macromolecules that mediate a significant fraction of the cellular processes that underlie life. An important task in bioengineering is designing proteins with specific 3D structures and chemical properties which enable…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-31 Namrata Anand , Tudor Achim

In recent years, several models have improved the capacity to generate synthetic tabular datasets. However, such models focus on synthesizing simple columnar tables and are not useable on real-life data with complex structures. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Luca Canale , Nicolas Grislain , Grégoire Lothe , Johan Leduc

Nature creates diverse proteins through a 'divide and assembly' strategy. Inspired by this idea, we introduce ProteinWeaver, a two-stage framework for protein backbone design. Our method first generates individual protein domains and then…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-28 Yiming Ma , Fei Ye , Yi Zhou , Zaixiang Zheng , Dongyu Xue , Quanquan Gu
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