Related papers: Which came first, set theory or logic?
The standard approach to logic in the literature in philosophy and mathematics, which has also been adopted in computer science, is to define a language (the syntax), an appropriate class of models together with an interpretation of…
The purpose of this paper is to outline a simple set of axioms for basic set theory from which most fundamental facts can be derived. The key to the whole project is a new axiom of set theory which I dubbed "The Law of Extremes". It allows…
Much mathematical writing exists that is, explicitly or implicitly, based on set theory, often Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF) or one of its variants. In ZF, the domain of discourse contains only sets, and hence every mathematical object…
First-Order Logic (FOL) is widely regarded as one of the most important foundations for knowledge representation. Nevertheless, in this paper, we argue that FOL has several critical issues for this purpose. Instead, we propose an…
This paper introduces a new theory which encompasses concepts and ideas from set theory, type theory, and Le\'{s}niewski's mereology and describes its possibility as an alternative foundation for mathematics. In the introduction section I…
We discuss a formal system of mathematics. We use it to construct the natural numbers.
An origin is often an intriguing issue. It becomes doubly intriguing when the logical form of thinking is considered. In this paper we will investigate exactly that: we will conjecture on the origin of basic instruments of logical thinking.…
CZF is a system of set theory which, over classical logic, is equivalent to ZF, while over intuitionistic logic, it has a well-known constructive type-theoretic interpretation. This article introduces a simpler, intuitive family of…
The definition is a common form of human expert knowledge, a building block of formal science and mathematics, a foundation for database theory and is supported in various forms in many knowledge representation and formal specification…
Logic has pride of place in mathematics and its 20th century offshoot, computer science. Modern symbolic logic was developed, in part, as a way to provide a formal framework for mathematics: Frege, Peano, Whitehead and Russell, as well as…
The formal construction of the second-order logic or predicate calculus essentially adds quantifiers to propositional logic. Why second-order logic cannot be reduced to that of the first order? How to demonstrate that certain predicates are…
Several formal systems, such as resolution and minimal model semantics, provide a framework for logic programming. In this paper, we will survey the use of structural proof theory as an alternative foundation. Researchers have been using…
I introduce an approach for automated reasoning in first order set theories that are not finitely axiomatizable, such as $ZFC$, and describe its implementation alongside the automated theorem proving software E. I then compare the results…
This paper describes the first-order logical environment FOLE. Institutions in general, and logical environments in particular, give equivalent heterogeneous and homogeneous representations for logical systems. As such, they offer a…
We investigate an extension of ZFC set theory (in an extended language) that stipulates the existence of a proper class of indiscernibles over the universe. One of the main results of the paper shows that the purely set-theoretical…
First-order learning involves finding a clause-form definition of a relation from examples of the relation and relevant background information. In this paper, a particular first-order learning system is modified to customize it for finding…
We consider two orthogonal points of view on finite permutations, seen as pairs of linear orders (corresponding to the usual one line representation of permutations as words) or seen as bijections (corresponding to the algebraic point of…
A thorough investigation of the foundations of paraconsistent logics. Relations between logical principles are formally studied, a novel notion of consistency is introduced, the logics of formal inconsistency, and the subclasses of…
Various topological concepts are often involved in the research of mathematical logic, and almost all of these concepts can be regarded as developing from the Stone representation theorem. In the Stone representation theorem, a Boolean…
A strictly formal, set-theoretical treatment of classical first-order logic is given. Since this is done with the goal of a concrete Mizar formalization of basic results (Lindenbaum lemma; Henkin, satisfiability, completeness and…