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In the autonomous driving testing methods based on evolving scenarios, the construction method of the driver model, which determines the driving maneuvers of background vehicles (BVs) in the scenario, plays a critical role in generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xinzheng Wu , Junyi Chen , Shaolingfeng Ye , Wei Jiang , Yong Shen

Advancements in Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) have brought significant benefits, but also raised concerns regarding their safety. Virtual tests are common practices to ensure the safety of ADS because they are more efficient and safer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jiangnan Zhao , Dehui Du , Xing Yu , Hang Li

With the rapid development of autonomous vehicles, there is an increasing demand for scenario-based testing to simulate diverse driving scenarios. However, as the base of any driving scenarios, road scenarios (e.g., road topology and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Fan Yang , You Lu , Bihuan Chen , Peng Qin , Xin Peng

Safety-critical scenarios are rare yet pivotal for evaluating and enhancing the robustness of autonomous driving systems. While existing methods generate safety-critical driving trajectories, simulations, or single-view videos, they fall…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jiawei Zhou , Linye Lyu , Zhuotao Tian , Cheng Zhuo , Yu Li

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have demonstrated significant potential in revolutionizing transportation, yet ensuring their safety and reliability remains a critical challenge, especially when exposed to dynamic and unpredictable environments.…

Training and evaluating autonomous driving algorithms requires a diverse range of scenarios. However, most available datasets predominantly consist of normal driving behaviors demonstrated by human drivers, resulting in a limited number of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Miao Li , Wenhao Ding , Haohong Lin , Yiqi Lyu , Yihang Yao , Yuyou Zhang , Ding Zhao

As self-driving systems become better, simulating scenarios where the autonomy stack may fail becomes more important. Traditionally, those scenarios are generated for a few scenes with respect to the planning module that takes ground-truth…

We present the DRYVR framework for verifying hybrid control systems that are described by a combination of a black-box simulator for trajectories and a white-box transition graph specifying mode switches. The framework includes (a) a…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-02-23 Chuchu Fan , Bolun Qi , Sayan Mitra , Mahesh Viswanathan

Simulation plays a crucial role in the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) due to the potential risks associated with real-world testing. Although significant progress has been made in the visual aspects of simulators, generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Wenhao Ding , Yulong Cao , Ding Zhao , Chaowei Xiao , Marco Pavone

In this work, we study how vision-language models (VLMs) can be utilized to enhance the safety for the autonomous driving system, including perception, situational understanding, and path planning. However, existing research has largely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Hao Ye , Mengshi Qi , Zhaohong Liu , Liang Liu , Huadong Ma

Real-world crash reports, which combine textual summaries and sketches, are valuable for scenario-based testing of autonomous driving systems (ADS). However, current methods cannot effectively translate this multimodal data into precise,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Fida Khandaker Safa , Yupeng Jiang , Xi Zheng

Simulation is a crucial step in ensuring accurate, efficient, and realistic Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) testing and validation. As the adoption of CAV accelerates, the integration of real-world data into simulation environments…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Junwei You , Pei Li , Yang Cheng , Keshu Wu , Rui Gan , Steven T. Parker , Bin Ran

Navigating heterogeneous traffic environments with diverse driving styles poses a significant challenge for autonomous vehicles (AVs) due to their inherent complexity and dynamic interactions. This paper addresses this challenge by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Qi Liu , Xueyuan Li , Zirui Li , Juhui Gim

Automated driving system deployment requires rigorous validation across safety-critical vehicle-pedestrian interactions, yet real-world datasets rarely capture high-risk scenarios while simulation platforms lack realistic behavior. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qingwen Pu , Kun Xie , Yuan Zhu , Guocong Zhai

Reliable anticipation of traffic accidents is essential for advancing autonomous driving systems. However, this objective is limited by two fundamental challenges: the scarcity of diverse, high-quality training data and the frequent absence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yanchen Guan , Haicheng Liao , Chengyue Wang , Xingcheng Liu , Jiaxun Zhang , Zhenning Li

Autonomous driving systems require comprehensive evaluation in safety-critical scenarios to ensure safety and robustness. However, such scenarios are rare and difficult to collect from real-world driving data, necessitating simulation-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhulin Jiang , Zetao Li , Cheng Wang , Ziwen Wang , Chen Xiong

Existing neural network-based autonomous systems are shown to be vulnerable against adversarial attacks, therefore sophisticated evaluation on their robustness is of great importance. However, evaluating the robustness only under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Wenhao Ding , Baiming Chen , Bo Li , Kim Ji Eun , Ding Zhao

Current scientific research witnesses various attempts at applying Large Language Models for scenario generation but is inclined only to comprehensive or dangerous scenarios. In this paper, we seek to build a three-stage framework that not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yicheng Xiao , Yangyang Sun , Yicheng Lin

Corner case scenarios are an essential tool for testing and validating the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs). As these scenarios are often insufficiently present in naturalistic driving datasets, augmenting the data with synthetic corner…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-07 George Drayson , Efimia Panagiotaki , Daniel Omeiza , Lars Kunze

Despite impressive advancements in Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS), navigation in complex road conditions remains a challenging problem. There is considerable evidence that evaluating the subjective risk level of various decisions can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Shih-Yuan Yu , Arnav V. Malawade , Deepan Muthirayan , Pramod P. Khargonekar , Mohammad A. Al Faruque