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The interaction of chirped femtosecond laser pulses with hybrid materials - materials comprised of plasmon sustaining structures and resonant molecules - is scrutinized using a self-consistent model of coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations. The…

Optics · Physics 2014-08-29 Maxim Sukharev

Static metasurfaces have shown to be prominent compact structures for reciprocal and frequency-invariant transformation of electromagnetic waves in space. However, incorporating temporal variation to static metasurfaces would result in…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Sajjad Taravati , George V. Eleftheriades

A sudden change in material properties creates a temporal interface and forces a propagating wave to change its frequency while preserving its wavenumber. In contrast to monoatomic lattices with a single frequency-wavenumber pair,…

Classical Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Mahmoud M. Samak , Osama R. Bilal

The connection between the time-dependent physical spectrum of light and the phase space overlap of Wigner functions is investigated for optical pulses. Time and frequency properties of optical pulses with chirp are analyzed using the phase…

Optics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ludmila Praxmeyer , Krzysztof Wodkiewicz

Materials with unusual optical properties are central to advanced control of light. Yet, in nature, such materials may be exceedingly rare and often difficult to obtain. To overcome this limitation, here we introduce the concept of temporal…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-19 Grigorii Ptitcyn , Diego M. Solís , M. S. Mirmoosa , Nader Engheta

Temporal metamaterials are artificial materials whose electromagnetic properties change over time. In analogy with spatial media and metamaterials, where their properties change smoothly or abruptly over space, temporal metamaterials can…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-06 Davide Ramaccia , Andrea Alu , Alessandro Toscano , Filiberto Bilotti

Spatiotemporal modulation offers a variety of opportunities for light manipulations. In this paper, we propose a way towards arbitrary transformation for pulses sequentially propagating within one waveguide in space via temporal waveguide…

Optics · Physics 2023-11-15 Zhaohui Dong , Xianfeng Chen , Luqi Yuan

We suggest a mechanism based on spike time dependent plasticity (STDP) of synapses to store, retrieve and predict temporal sequences. The mechanism is demonstrated in a model system of simplified integrate-and-fire type neurons densely…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2009-11-07 Thomas Nowotny , Misha I. Rabinovich , Henry D. I. Abarbanel

Spatiotemporally modulated elastic metamaterials have garnered increasing interest for their potential applications in nonreciprocal wave devices. Most existing studies, however, focus on systems where spatiotemporal modulation is…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Yingrui Ye , Chunxia Liu , Alessandro Marzani , Emanuele Riva , Antonio Palermo , Xiaopeng Wang

Local time is the measure of how much time a random walk has visited a given position. In multiple scattering media, where waves are diffuse, local time measures the sensitivity of the waves to the local medium's properties. Local…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-11-28 Vincent Rossetto

We consider the case of a deformable material interface between two immiscible moving media, both of them being magnetiable. The time dependence of the metric at the interface introduces a non linear term, proportional to the mean…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-14 Q. Vanhaelen , M. Hennenberg , S. Slavtchev , B. Weyssow

Space-time modulation systems have garnered significant attention due to their resemblance to moving-matter systems and promising applications. Unlike conventional moving-matter systems, modulation systems do not involve net motion of…

In view of momentum continuity at a temporal slab, it is shown that instantaneous switching of an isotropic medium to an anisotropic medium offers the incident frequency a directional property- a counterintuitive process which is called…

Optics · Physics 2017-09-01 Alireza Akbarzadeh , Nima Chamanara , Christophe Caloz

This paper is concerned with the time-dependent Maxwell's equations for a plane interface between a negative material described by the Drude model and the vacuum, which fill, respectively, two complementary half-spaces. In a first paper, we…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-10-14 Maxence Cassier , Christophe Hazard , Patrick Joly

Time-varying media, characterized by dynamic or spacetime-modulated constitutive parameters such as permittivity and permeability, have recently emerged as a transformative paradigm for advanced wave control, transcending the constraints…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-20 Youxiu Yu , Hao Hu , Qianru Yang , Linyang Zou , Dongjue Liu , Hao Chi Zhang , Yu Luo

Space-time modulation-based metamaterials have recently spurred considerable interest, owing to the fundamental addition of the time dimension to the medium parameters, and resulting novel properties and potential applications. However, the…

Metamaterials and metasurfaces are designed by periodically arranged subwavelength geometries, allowing a tailored manipulation of the electromagnetic response of matter. Here, we exploit temporal variations of permittivity inside…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-24 Victor Pacheco-Peña , Nader Engheta

The applicability of time-reversal symmetry to nonlinear optics is discussed, both from macroscopic (Maxwell equations) and microscopic (quantum theoretical) point of view. We find that only spatial operations can be applied for the…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 M. Trzeciecki , W. Hübner

A spatio-temporal metasurface is proposed to decompose in real time the temporal frequencies of electromagnetic waves into spatial frequencies onto a two-dimensional plane. The metasurface is analyzed and demonstrated using Fourier…

Optics · Physics 2014-12-30 Shulabh Gupta , Christophe Caloz

Interest for spacetime structures has recently been revived, following developments in metamaterials and ultrafast optics. Such structures essentially consist of successions of space-time interfaces for which the theory is still incomplete,…

Optics · Physics 2019-05-01 Zoé-Lise Deck-Léger , Christophe Caloz