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Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a standard linear dimensionality reduction technique for nonnegative data sets. In order to measure the discrepancy between the input data and the low-rank approximation, the Kullback-Leibler (KL)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-12 Le Thi Khanh Hien , Nicolas Gillis

Fully unsupervised topic models have found fantastic success in document clustering and classification. However, these models often suffer from the tendency to learn less-than-meaningful or even redundant topics when the data is biased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Joshua Vendrow , Jamie Haddock , Elizaveta Rebrova , Deanna Needell

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) methods offer an appealing unsupervised learning method for real-time analysis of streaming spectral data in time-sensitive data collection, such as $\textit{in situ}$ characterization of materials.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 Phillip M. Maffettone , Aidan C. Daly , Daniel Olds

In this paper, we propose a new Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization method for 2-dimensional (2D) data, named TS-NMF. It overcomes the drawback of existing methods that seriously damage the spatial information of the data by converting 2D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Chong Peng , Zhilu Zhang , Zhao Kang , Chenglizhao Chen , Qiang Cheng

Existing nonnegative matrix factorization methods focus on learning global structure of the data to construct basis and coefficient matrices, which ignores the local structure that commonly exists among data. In this paper, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Chong Peng , Zhao Kang , Chenglizhao Chen , Qiang Cheng

Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is an unsupervised learning method offering low-rank representations across various domains such as audio processing, biomedical signal analysis, and image recognition. The incorporation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yasaman Torabi , Shahram Shirani , James P. Reilly

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a popular method for audio spectral unmixing. While NMF is traditionally applied to off-the-shelf time-frequency representations based on the short-time Fourier or Cosine transforms, the ability to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-07 Pierre Ablin , Dylan Fagot , Herwig Wendt , Alexandre Gramfort , Cédric Févotte

Symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (SNMF) models arise naturally as simple reformulations of many standard clustering algorithms including the popular spectral clustering method. Recent work has demonstrated that an elementary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-20 Reza Borhani , Jeremy Watt , Aggelos Katsaggelos

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a widely used tool for learning parts-based, low-dimensional representations of nonnegative data, with applications in vision, text, and bioinformatics. In clustering applications, orthogonal NMF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Manh Nguyen , Daniel Pimentel-Alarcón

For most problems in science and engineering we can obtain data sets that describe the observed system from various perspectives and record the behavior of its individual components. Heterogeneous data sets can be collectively mined by data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-09 Marinka Žitnik , Blaž Zupan

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) models are widely used to recover linearly mixed nonnegative data. When the data is made of samplings of continuous signals, the factors in NMF can be constrained to be samples of nonnegative rational…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-31 Cécile Hautecoeur , Lieven De Lathauwer , Nicolas Gillis , François Glineur

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is widely used for dimensionality reduction and interpretable analysis, but standard formulations are unsupervised and cannot directly exploit class labels. Existing supervised or semi-supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Kenichi Satoh

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is an emerging technique with a wide spectrum of potential applications in data analysis. Mathematically, NMF can be formulated as a minimization problem with nonnegative constraints. This problem is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-12-27 Tran Dang Hien , Do Van Tuan , Pham Van At

We develop a unified and systematic framework for performing online nonnegative matrix factorization under a wide variety of important divergences. The online nature of our algorithm makes it particularly amenable to large-scale data. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-17 Renbo Zhao , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Huan Xu

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a data analysis technique which allows compression and interpretation of nonnegative data. NMF became widely studied after the publication of the seminal paper by Lee and Seung (Learning the Parts…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2008-10-24 Nicolas Gillis , François Glineur

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is one of the most frequently-used matrix factorization models in data analysis. A significant reason to the popularity of NMF is its interpretability and the `parts of whole' interpretation of its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-19 Sanjar Karaev , James Hook , Pauli Miettinen

Nonsmooth Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (nsNMF) is capable of producing more localized, less overlapped feature representations than other variants of NMF while keeping satisfactory fit to data. However, nsNMF as well as other existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-21 Jinshi Yu , Guoxu Zhou , Andrzej Cichocki , Shengli Xie

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a technique for finding latent representations of data. The method has been applied to corpora to construct topic models. However, NMF has likelihood assumptions which are often violated by real…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-22 Skyler Seto , Sarah Tan , Giles Hooker , Martin T. Wells

We present a novel graphical framework for modeling non-negative sequential data with hierarchical structure. Our model corresponds to a network of coupled non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) modules, which we refer to as a positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-07-16 Brian K. Vogel

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has been widely used in machine learning and signal processing because of its non-subtractive, part-based property which enhances interpretability. It is often assumed that the latent dimensionality…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-25 Zhaoqiang Liu