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The rapid development and deployment of large language models (LLMs) have introduced a new frontier in artificial intelligence, marked by unprecedented capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, the increasing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Dan Shi , Tianhao Shen , Yufei Huang , Zhigen Li , Yongqi Leng , Renren Jin , Chuang Liu , Xinwei Wu , Zishan Guo , Linhao Yu , Ling Shi , Bojian Jiang , Deyi Xiong

As large language models (LLMs) are employed worldwide, existing evaluation paradigms for their multilingual capabilities primarily focus on factual task performance, neglecting the ability to judge content's deep-level values across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yukun Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Boyi Deng , Jialong Tang , Yu Wan , Fei Huang , Yuxi Zhou , Baosong Yang , Yiming Li

Social alignment in AI systems aims to ensure that these models behave according to established societal values. However, unlike humans, who derive consensus on value judgments through social interaction, current language models (LMs) are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Ruibo Liu , Ruixin Yang , Chenyan Jia , Ge Zhang , Denny Zhou , Andrew M. Dai , Diyi Yang , Soroush Vosoughi

Personal values are a crucial factor behind human decision-making. Considering that Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to impact human decisions significantly, it is essential to make sure they accurately understand human values…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhaowei Zhang , Fengshuo Bai , Jun Gao , Yaodong Yang

Honesty is a fundamental principle for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, requiring these models to recognize what they know and don't know and be able to faithfully express their knowledge. Despite promising, current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Siheng Li , Cheng Yang , Taiqiang Wu , Chufan Shi , Yuji Zhang , Xinyu Zhu , Zesen Cheng , Deng Cai , Mo Yu , Lemao Liu , Jie Zhou , Yujiu Yang , Ngai Wong , Xixin Wu , Wai Lam

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making scenarios that involve risk assessment, yet their alignment with human economic rationality remains unclear. In this study, we investigate whether LLMs exhibit risk…

General Economics · Economics 2025-09-16 Jiaxin Liu , Yixuan Tang , Yi Yang , Kar Yan Tam

The rapid progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) poses potential risks such as generating unethical content. Assessing LLMs' values can help expose their misalignment, but relies on reference-free evaluators, e.g., fine-tuned LLMs or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jing Yao , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie

Conversational human-likeness plays a central role in human-AI interaction, yet it has remained difficult to define, measure, and optimize. As a result, improvements in human-like behavior are largely driven by scale or broad supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Masum Hasan , Junjie Zhao , Ehsan Hoque

Large language models (LLMs) can underpin AI assistants that help users with everyday tasks, such as by making recommendations or performing basic computation. Despite AI assistants' promise, little is known about the implicit values these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Arjun Arunasalam , Madison Pickering , Z. Berkay Celik , Blase Ur

Large language models (LLMs) closely interact with humans, and thus need an intimate understanding of the cultural values of human society. In this paper, we explore how open-source LLMs make judgments on diverse categories of cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Minsang Kim , Seungjun Baek

The rapid progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) could transform many fields, but their fast development creates significant challenges for oversight, ethical creation, and building user trust. This comprehensive review looks at key trust…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Mahdi Abdelguerfi , Elias Ioup , Kendall N. Niles , Ken Pathak , Steven Sloan

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) highlights the necessity for ethical considerations and data integrity in AI development, particularly emphasizing the role of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Shaina Raza , Shardul Ghuge , Chen Ding , Elham Dolatabadi , Deval Pandya

Large language models (LLMs) can lead to undesired consequences when misaligned with human values, especially in scenarios involving complex and sensitive social biases. Previous studies have revealed the misalignment of LLMs with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yang Liu , Chenhui Chu

Pluralism alignment with AI has the sophisticated and necessary goal of creating AI that can coexist with and serve morally multifaceted humanity. Research towards pluralism alignment has many efforts in enhancing the learning of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ying Su , Mingen Zheng , Weili Diao , Haoran Li

Moral values have deep roots in early civilizations, codified within norms and laws that regulated societal order and the common good. They play a crucial role in understanding the psychological basis of human behavior and cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Lorenzo Zangari , Candida M. Greco , Davide Picca , Andrea Tagarelli

One of today's most significant societal challenges is building AI systems whose behaviour, or the behaviour it enables within communities of interacting agents (human and artificial), aligns with human values. To address this challenge, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nardine Osman , Mark d'Inverno

Big models have greatly advanced AI's ability to understand, generate, and manipulate information and content, enabling numerous applications. However, as these models become increasingly integrated into everyday life, their inherent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Xiaoyuan Yi , Jing Yao , Xiting Wang , Xing Xie

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems based on large-scale pretrained foundation models (PFMs) such as vision-language models, large language models (LLMs), diffusion models and vision-language-action (VLA) models have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Alhassan Mumuni , Fuseini Mumuni

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities but often struggle to align with human preferences, leading to harmful or undesirable outputs. Preference learning, which trains models to distinguish between preferred…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Shawn Im , Sharon Li

With generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), continuing to make inroads in healthcare, it is critical to supplement traditional automated evaluations with human evaluations. Understanding and…