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Tool-augmented large language models (LLMs), hereafter LLM agents, leverage external tools to solve diverse tasks and interface with the real world. However, current training practices largely rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Weihua Du , Hailei Gong , Zhan Ling , Kang Liu , Lingfeng Shen , Xuesong Yao , Yufei Xu , Dingyuan Shi , Yiming Yang , Jiecao Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a capable and intuitive structure for the fundamental sequential decision-making problem. Despite impressive breakthroughs, it can still be difficult to employ RL in practice in many simple applications.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Aida Afshar , Wenchao Li

Real-world reinforcement learning (RL) environments, whether in robotics or industrial settings, often involve non-visual observations and require not only efficient but also reliable and thus interpretable and flexible RL approaches. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Moritz Lange , Noah Krystiniak , Raphael C. Engelhardt , Wolfgang Konen , Laurenz Wiskott

Reinforcement Learning is a mature technology, often suggested as a potential route towards Artificial General Intelligence, with the ambitious goal of replicating the wide range of abilities found in natural and artificial intelligence,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Markus D. Solbach , John K. Tsotsos

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising solution, allowing Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) to learn optimal behaviors through trial and error. However, existing simulators lack efficient integration with RL methods, limiting training…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Shuguang Chu , Zebin Huang , Mingwei Lin , Dejun Li , Ignacio Carlucho

We introduce a novel virtual robotic toolkit myGym, developed for reinforcement learning (RL), intrinsic motivation and imitation learning tasks trained in a 3D simulator. The trained tasks can then be easily transferred to real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Michal Vavrecka , Nikita Sokovnin , Megi Mejdrechova , Gabriela Sejnova , Marek Otahal

Compiling a quantum circuit for specific quantum hardware is a challenging task. Moreover, current quantum computers have severe hardware limitations. To make the most use of the limited resources, the compilation process should be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 Stan van der Linde , Willem de Kok , Tariq Bontekoe , Sebastian Feld

While reinforcement learning (RL) can empower autonomous agents by enabling self-improvement through interaction, its practical adoption remains challenging due to costly rollouts, limited task diversity, unreliable reward signals, and…

Programming education is becoming important as demands on computer literacy and coding skills are growing. Despite the increasing popularity of interactive online learning systems, many programming courses in schools have not changed their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Ryo Suzuki , Jun Kato , Koji Yatani

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the most active fields of AI research. Despite the interest demonstrated by the research community in reinforcement learning, the development methodology still lags behind, with a severe lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Andreas Schuderer , Stefano Bromuri , Marko van Eekelen

Despite groundbreaking progress in reinforcement learning for robotics, gameplay, and other complex domains, major challenges remain in applying reinforcement learning to the evolving, open-world problems often found in critical application…

We present WebGym, the largest-to-date open-source environment for training realistic visual web agents. Real websites are non-stationary and diverse, making artificial or small-scale task sets insufficient for robust policy learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hao Bai , Alexey Taymanov , Tong Zhang , Aviral Kumar , Spencer Whitehead

As AI agents leave the lab and venture into the real world as autonomous vehicles, delivery robots, and cooking robots, it is increasingly necessary to design and comprehensively evaluate algorithms that tackle the ``open-world''. To this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-09 Shivam Goel , Yichen Wei , Panagiotis Lymperopoulos , Klara Chura , Matthias Scheutz , Jivko Sinapov

Success stories of applied machine learning can be traced back to the datasets and environments that were put forward as challenges for the community. The challenge that the community sets as a benchmark is usually the challenge that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Ashish Kumar , Toby Buckley , John B. Lanier , Qiaozhi Wang , Alicia Kavelaars , Ilya Kuzovkin

The emergence of 3D Gaussian Splatting for fast and high-quality novel view synthesize has opened up the possibility to construct photo-realistic simulations from video for robotic reinforcement learning. While the approach has been…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Liyou Zhou , Oleg Sinavski , Athanasios Polydoros

Successful implementation of active learning strategies in the engineering classroom -- and in particular in certain subjects which are highly technological in nature such as, for instance, rocket engines and space propulsion -- means…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Juan M. Tizón , Pablo Sierra , Luis Sánchez de León , Emilio Navarro , Javier Vilá , José F. Moral

Successfully navigating a complex environment to obtain a desired outcome is a difficult task, that up to recently was believed to be capable only by humans. This perception has been broken down over time, especially with the introduction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Joshua Hare

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown remarkable success in solving relatively complex tasks, yet the deployment of RL systems in real-world scenarios poses significant challenges related to safety and robustness. This paper aims to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Taku Yamagata , Raul Santos-Rodriguez

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promising results in active flow control (AFC), yet progress in the field remains difficult to assess as existing studies rely on heterogeneous observation and actuation schemes, numerical setups, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jannis Becktepe , Aleksandra Franz , Nils Thuerey , Sebastian Peitz

Advances in reinforcement learning research have demonstrated the ways in which different agent-based models can learn how to optimally perform a task within a given environment. Reinforcement leaning solves unsupervised problems where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Herkulaas Combrink , Vukosi Marivate , Benjamin Rosman