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Super-resolution is the problem of recovering a superposition of point sources using bandlimited measurements, which may be corrupted with noise. This signal processing problem arises in numerous imaging problems, ranging from astronomy to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-29 Qingqing Huang , Sham M. Kakade

The Rayleigh diffraction limit imposes a fundamental restriction on the resolution of direct imaging systems, hindering the identification of incoherent optical sources, such as celestial bodies in astronomy and fluorophores in bioimaging.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Danilo Triggiani , Cosmo Lupo

For more than a century, the diffraction limit has defined the resolution achievable by passive optical imaging systems. Although some resolution improvement can be gained through classical data processing of the image, it is limited by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 A. I. Lvovsky , Michael R. Grace , Saikat Guha , Mankei Tsang , Gerardo Adesso , Nicolas Treps

Classical time-resolved optical spectroscopy experiments are performed using sequences of ultrashort light pulses, with photon fluxes incident on the sample which are many orders of magnitude higher than real-world conditions corresponding…

The Rayleigh's criterion infamously imposes a minimum separation between two incoherent sources for them to be distinguishable via classical methods. In this work, we demonstrate the emergence of two-photon beats from the interference of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Salvatore Muratore , Danilo Triggiani , Vincenzo Tamma

We propose a technique capable of imaging a distinct physical object with sub-Rayleigh resolution in an ordinary far-field imaging setup using single-photon sources and linear optical tools only. We exemplify our method for the case of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-24 C. Thiel , T. Bastin , J. von Zanthier , G. S. Agarwal

Multiparameter estimation theory offers a general framework to explore imaging techniques beyond the Rayleigh limit. While optimal measurements of single parameters characterizing a composite light source are now well understood,…

Diffraction limit is manifested in the loss of high spatial frequency information that results from decay of evanescent waves. As a result, conventional far-field optics yields no information about an object's subwavelength features. Here…

Optics · Physics 2012-01-24 Leonid Alekseyev , Evgenii Narimanov , Jacob Khurgin

We discuss advantages of using non-classical states of light for two aspects of optical imaging: creating of miniature images on photosensitive substrates, which constitutes the foundation for optical lithography, and imaging of micro…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Dmitry Strekalov , Jonathan Dowling

Band-limited functions can oscillate locally at an arbitrarily fast rate through an interference phenomenon known as superoscillations. Using an optical pulse with a superoscillatory envelope we experimentally break the temporal…

The Rayleigh criterion has long served as a fundamental limit for the resolution of optical imaging. Recent advances in multiparameter quantum metrology have led to quantum superresolution that can break this limit and achieve nonvanishing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Junyan Li , Shengshi Pang

Any imaging device such as a microscope or telescope has a resolution limit, a minimum separation it can resolve between two objects or sources; this limit is typically defined by "Rayleigh's criterion", although in recent years there have…

Optics · Physics 2017-02-22 Weng Kian Tham , Hugo Ferretti , Aephraim M. Steinberg

The distributed absorption of photons in photodiodes induces an excess noise in continuous-wave photodetection above the transit-time roll-off frequency. We show that it can be treated as a frequency-dependent excess optical loss in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-11 Takahiro Serikawa , Akira Furusawa

Phase super-sensitivity is obtained when the sensitivity in a phase measurement goes beyond the quantum shot noise limit, whereas super-resolution is obtained when the interference fringes in an interferometer are narrower than half the…

Estimating the angular separation between two incoherent thermal sources is a challenging task for direct imaging, especially when it is smaller than or comparable to the Rayleigh length. In addition, the task of discriminating whether…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Ugo Zanforlin , Cosmo Lupo , Peter W. R. Connolly , Pieter Kok , Gerald S. Buller , Zixin Huang

As part of the effort to make use of squeezed states of light for detection of sub-shot-noise optical signals, we study the balanced heterodyne scheme, for which the corresponding spectral density of the photocurrent fluctuations produced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-28 Sheng Feng , Zehuan Lu , Jie Zhang , Chenggang Shao

Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy provides information on coupling and energy transfer between excited states on ultrafast timescales. Only recently, incoherent fluorescence detection has made it possible to combine this method with…

Optics · Physics 2025-05-14 Sanchayeeta Jana , Simon Durst , Lucas Ludwig , Markus Lippitz

We describe a scheme into which a camera is turned into an efficient tunable frequency filter of a few Hertz bandwidth in an off-axis, heterodyne optical mixing configuration, enabling to perform parallel, high-resolution coherent spectral…

Optics · Physics 2009-09-01 Michael Atlan , Michel Gross

Ultrafast continuous-variable quantum states offer new opportunities for advanced quantum technologies, but efficient homodyne detection of these states remains challenging. Here, we present a method for efficient ultrafast homodyne…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Young-Do Yoon , Chan Roh , Geunhee Gwak , Young-Sik Ra

Wind speed measurements using heterodyne lidars are limited in spatial resolution because of the current signal processing methods. This limit is equal to c $\tau$ ( c is the speed of light and $\tau$ is the laser pulse duration)…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-28 Theo Martin , Laurent Mugnier , Matthieu Valla , Pierre Etienne Allain , David Tomline Michel