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The Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) computes the optimal cost of transforming one distribution into another, given a known transport metric between them. In deep learning, the EMD loss allows us to embed information during training about the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Manuel Martinez , Monica Haurilet , Ziad Al-Halah , Makarand Tapaswi , Rainer Stiefelhagen

The Earth mover's distance (EMD) is a useful metric for image recognition and classification, but its usual implementations are not differentiable or too slow to be used as a loss function for training other algorithms via gradient descent.…

The Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) is a state-of-the art metric for comparing discrete probability distributions, but its high distinguishability comes at a high cost in computational complexity. Even though linear-complexity approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Kubilay Atasu , Thomas Mittelholzer

The Earth movers distance (EMD) is a measure of distance between probability distributions which is at the heart of mass transportation theory. Recent research has shown that the EMD plays a crucial role in studying the potential impact of…

Computation · Statistics 2013-10-15 Kyle Treleaven , Emilio Frazzoli

We propose a new fast method of measuring distances between large numbers of related high dimensional datasets called the Diffusion Earth Mover's Distance (EMD). We model the datasets as distributions supported on common data graph that is…

In this work, we develop methods for few-shot image classification from a new perspective of optimal matching between image regions. We employ the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) as a metric to compute a structural distance between dense image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Chi Zhang , Yujun Cai , Guosheng Lin , Chunhua Shen

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for manifold learning that combines the Earthmover's distance (EMD) with the diffusion maps method for dimensionality reduction. We demonstrate the potential benefits of this approach for learning…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-24 Nathan Zelesko , Amit Moscovich , Joe Kileel , Amit Singer

Chamfer Distance (CD) and Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) are two broadly adopted metrics for measuring the similarity between two point sets. However, CD is usually insensitive to mismatched local density, and EMD is usually dominated by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Tong Wu , Liang Pan , Junzhe Zhang , Tai Wang , Ziwei Liu , Dahua Lin

For two multisets $S$ and $T$ of points in $[\Delta]^2$, such that $|S| = |T|= n$, the earth-mover distance (EMD) between $S$ and $T$ is the minimum cost of a perfect bipartite matching with edges between points in $S$ and $T$, i.e.,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-28 Arman Yousefi , Rafail Ostrovsky

In the context of single-label classification, despite the huge success of deep learning, the commonly used cross-entropy loss function ignores the intricate inter-class relationships that often exist in real-life tasks such as age…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Le Hou , Chen-Ping Yu , Dimitris Samaras

In this paper, we consider the following query problem: given two weighted point sets $A$ and $B$ in the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^d$, we want to quickly determine that whether their earth mover's distance (EMD) is larger or smaller than…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Hu Ding , Tan Chen , Fan Yang , Mingyue Wang

The Earth Mover's Distance is a popular similarity measure in several branches of computer science. It measures the minimum total edge length of a perfect matching between two point sets. The Earth Mover's Distance under Translation…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Karl Bringmann , Frank Staals , Karol Węgrzycki , Geert van Wordragen

This paper presents a novel theoretical measure, $\mu^{\text{EMD}}$, based on the Earth Mover's Distance, for quantifying the density shift caused by electronic excitations in molecules. As input, the EMD metric uses only the discretized…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-10-10 Zhe Wang , Jiashu Liang , Martin Head-Gordon

Querying uncertain data sets (represented as probability distributions) presents many challenges due to the large amount of data involved and the difficulties comparing uncertainty between distributions. The Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) has…

Databases · Computer Science 2011-12-01 Brian E. Ruttenberg , Ambuj K. Singh

We study the problem of estimating the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) between probability distributions when given access only to samples. We give closeness testers and additive-error estimators over domains in $[0, \Delta]^d$, with sample…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-04-03 Khanh Do Ba , Huy L Nguyen , Huy N Nguyen , Ronitt Rubinfeld

The Earth Mover Distance (EMD) between two sets of points $A, B \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$ with $|A| = |B|$ is the minimum total Euclidean distance of any perfect matching between $A$ and $B$. One of its generalizations is asymmetric EMD,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Dhruv Rohatgi

Training deep learning models for point cloud prediction tasks such as shape completion and generation depends critically on loss functions that measure discrepancies between predicted and ground-truth point sets. Commonly used functions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Sasan Sharifipour , Constantino Álvarez Casado , Mohammad Sabokrou , Miguel Bordallo López

From a combinatorial point of view, we consider the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) associated with a metric measure space. The specific case considered is deceptively simple: Let the finite set [n] = {1,...,n} be regarded as a metric space by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-07 Rebecca Bourn , Jeb F. Willenbring

An efficient iterative Earth Mover's Distance (iEMD) algorithm for visual tracking is proposed in this paper. The Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) is used as the similarity measure to search for the optimal template candidates in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-04-10 Gang Yao , Ashwin Dani

We give a reduction from $(1+\varepsilon)$-approximate Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) to $(1+\varepsilon)$-approximate Closest Pair (CP). As a consequence, we improve the fastest known approximation algorithm for high-dimensional EMD. Here,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Lorenzo Beretta , Vincent Cohen-Addad , Rajesh Jayaram , Erik Waingarten
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