Related papers: Semi-parametric Benchmark Dose Analysis with Monot…

The identification of causal effects in observational studies typically relies on two standard assumptions: unconfoundedness and overlap. However, both assumptions are often questionable in practice: unconfoundedness is inherently…

Outcome-dependent sampling designs are extensively utilized in various scientific disciplines, including epidemiology, ecology, and economics, with retrospective case-control studies being specific examples of such designs. Additionally, if…

The learning of the deep networks largely relies on the data with human-annotated labels. In some label insufficient situations, the performance degrades on the decision boundary with high data density. A common solution is to directly…

Statistical methods for identifying harmful chemicals in a correlated mixture often assume linearity in exposure-response relationships. Non-monotonic relationships are increasingly recognised (e.g., for endocrine-disrupting chemicals);…

We address the problem of prescribing an optimal decision in a framework where the cost function depends on uncertain problem parameters that need to be learned from data. Earlier work proposed prescriptive formulations based on supervised…

In this paper, we propose a robust method to estimate the average treatment effects in observational studies when the number of potential confounders is possibly much greater than the sample size. We first use a class of penalized…

Survival analysis is a widely-used technique for analyzing time-to-event data in the presence of censoring. In recent years, numerous survival analysis methods have emerged which scale to large datasets and relax traditional assumptions…

We construct optimal designs for estimating fetal malformation rate, prenatal death rate and an overall toxicity index in a toxicology study under a broad range of model assumptions. We use Weibull distributions to model these rates and…

With the increasing availability of electronic health records (EHR) linked with biobank data for translational research, a critical step in realizing its potential is to accurately classify phenotypes for patients. Existing approaches to…

We consider generalized linear regression analysis with left-censored covariate due to the lower limit of detection. Complete case analysis by eliminating observations with values below limit of detection yields valid estimates for…

In observational studies, the identification of causal estimands depends on the no unmeasured confounding (NUC) assumption. As this assumption is not testable from observed data, sensitivity analysis plays an important role in observational…

Both fair machine learning and adversarial learning have been extensively studied. However, attacking fair machine learning models has received less attention. In this paper, we present a framework that seeks to effectively generate…

We consider efficient estimation of flexible transformation models with interval-censored data. To reduce the dimension of semi-parametric models, the unknown monotone transformation function is approximated via monotone splines. A…

We propose a frequentist adaptive phase 2 trial design to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three treatment regimens (doses) compared to placebo for four types of helminth (worm) infections. This trial will be carried out in four…

We develop an empirical Bayes procedure for estimating the cell means in an unbalanced, two-way additive model with fixed effects. We employ a hierarchical model, which reflects exchangeability of the effects within treatment and within…

This paper provides a unified framework for analyzing tensor estimation problems that allow for nonlinear observations, heteroskedastic noise, and covariate information. We study a general class of high-dimensional models where each…

Diffusion models generate samples by iteratively denoising a Gaussian prior, traversing a sequence of noise levels that, in every published sampler, decreases monotonically. Six years of intensive work has refined nearly every aspect of…

Exploratory cancer drug studies test multiple tumor cell lines against multiple candidate drugs. The goal in each paired (cell line, drug) experiment is to map out the dose-response curve of the cell line as the dose level of the drug…

Nonlinear system identification remains an important open challenge across research and academia. Large numbers of novel approaches are seen published each year, each presenting improvements or extensions to existing methods. It is natural,…

Benchmarks are the de facto standard for tracking progress in large language models (LLMs), yet static test sets can rapidly saturate, become vulnerable to contamination, and are costly to refresh. Scalable evaluation of open-ended items…