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Large language models (LLMs) excel across diverse natural language processing tasks but face resource demands and limited context windows. Although techniques like pruning, quantization, and token dropping can mitigate these issues, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Ammar Ahmed , Sheng Di , Franck Cappello , Zirui Liu , Jingoo Han , Ali Anwar

In recent years, compression of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as an important problem to enable language model deployment on resource-constrained devices, reduce computational costs, and mitigate the environmental footprint of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Sean I. Young

Practitioners prune neural networks for efficiency gains and generalization improvements, but few scrutinize the factors determining the prunability of a neural network the maximum fraction of weights that pruning can remove without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Zachary Ankner , Alex Renda , Gintare Karolina Dziugaite , Jonathan Frankle , Tian Jin

Instruction tuning for large language models (LLMs) has gained attention from researchers due to its ability to unlock the potential of LLMs in following instructions. While instruction tuning offers advantages for facilitating the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Hao Chen , Yiming Zhang , Qi Zhang , Hantao Yang , Xiaomeng Hu , Xuetao Ma , Yifan Yanggong , Junbo Zhao

In recent years, the compression of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a key problem in facilitating LLM deployment on resource-limited devices, reducing compute costs, and mitigating the environmental footprint due to large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Sean I. Young

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising technique for mitigating memory consumption and computational costs in large language models (LLMs). However, a systematic examination of various quantization schemes, model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Zhewei Yao , Xiaoxia Wu , Cheng Li , Stephen Youn , Yuxiong He

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has accentuated the need for diverse, high-quality pre-training data. Synthetic data emerges as a viable solution to the challenges of data scarcity and inaccessibility. While previous literature has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Hao Chen , Abdul Waheed , Xiang Li , Yidong Wang , Jindong Wang , Bhiksha Raj , Marah I. Abdin

Quantization is an essential and popular technique for improving the accessibility of large language models (LLMs) by reducing memory usage and computational costs while maintaining performance. In this study, we apply 4-bit Group Scaling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Sahil Sk , Debasish Dhal , Sonal Khosla , Sk Shahid , Sambit Shekhar , Akash Dhaka , Shantipriya Parida , Dilip K. Prasad , Ondřej Bojar

Fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) often demonstrate poor calibration, with their confidence scores misaligned with actual performance. While calibration has been extensively studied in models trained from scratch, the impact of LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ziming Wang , Zeyu Shi , Haoyi Zhou , Shiqi Gao , Qingyun Sun , Jianxin Li

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their substantial model sizes often require substantial computational resources. To preserve computing resources and accelerate inference speed, it is crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yirao Zhao , Guizhen Chen , Kenji Kawaguchi , Lidong Bing , Wenxuan Zhang

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a primary approach for deploying large language models without fine-tuning, and the quantized performance is often strongly affected by the calibration in PTQ. By contrast, in vision-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhenhao Shang , Haizhao Jing , Guoting Wei , Haokui Zhang , Rong Xiao , Jianqing Gao , Peng Wang

Large language models(LLMs) have garnered significant attention and demonstrated impressive capabilities in a wide range of applications. However, due to their enormous computational costs, the deployment and application of LLMs are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jialong Guo , Xinghao Chen , Yehui Tang , Yunhe Wang

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance but incur high deployment costs, motivating extremely low-bit but lossy quantization. Existing quantization algorithms mainly focus on improving the numerical accuracy of forward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yuzhuang Xu , Xu Han , Yuxuan Li , Pengzhan Li , Wanxiang Che

Instruction Fine-Tuning (IFT) significantly enhances the zero-shot capabilities of pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs). While coding data is known to boost LLM reasoning abilities during pretraining, its role in activating internal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Xinlu Zhang , Zhiyu Zoey Chen , Xi Ye , Xianjun Yang , Lichang Chen , William Yang Wang , Linda Ruth Petzold

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly advanced in recent years, achieving remarkable performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, this progress has come at the cost of increasingly large model sizes,…

Deep neural networks are typically too computationally expensive to run in real-time on consumer-grade hardware and low-powered devices. In this paper, we investigate reducing the computational and memory requirements of neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Kimessha Paupamah , Steven James , Richard Klein

Deep neural networks (DNNs) often have to be compressed, via pruning and/or quantization, before they can be deployed in practical settings. In this work we propose a new compression-aware minimizer dubbed CrAM that modifies the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Alexandra Peste , Adrian Vladu , Eldar Kurtic , Christoph H. Lampert , Dan Alistarh

Post-training pruning can substantially reduce LLM inference costs, but it often degrades quality unless the remaining weights are adapted. Since global retraining is expensive at LLM scale, recent work has largely focused on increasingly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Moritz Wagner , Christophe Roux , Max Zimmer , Sebastian Pokutta

Model pruning seeks to induce sparsity in a deep neural network's various connection matrices, thereby reducing the number of nonzero-valued parameters in the model. Recent reports (Han et al., 2015; Narang et al., 2017) prune deep networks…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-15 Michael Zhu , Suyog Gupta
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