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We view the landscape of large language models (LLMs) through the lens of the recently released BLOOM model to understand the performance of BLOOM and other decoder-only LLMs compared to BERT-style encoder-only models. We achieve this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Parag Pravin Dakle , SaiKrishna Rallabandi , Preethi Raghavan

Large language models (LLMs) often fail to scale their performance on long-context tasks performance in line with the context lengths they support. This gap is commonly attributed to retrieval failures -- the models' inability to identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yufeng Du , Minyang Tian , Srikanth Ronanki , Subendhu Rongali , Sravan Bodapati , Aram Galstyan , Azton Wells , Roy Schwartz , Eliu A Huerta , Hao Peng

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT can produce coherent, cohesive, relevant, and fluent answers for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Taking document-level machine translation (MT) as a testbed, this paper provides…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Longyue Wang , Chenyang Lyu , Tianbo Ji , Zhirui Zhang , Dian Yu , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu

This study explores the innovative use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as analytical tools for interpreting complex financial regulations. The primary objective is to design effective prompts that guide LLMs in distilling verbose and…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-11 Zhiyu Cao , Zachary Feinstein

Detecting text generated by large language models (LLMs) is of great recent interest. With zero-shot methods like DetectGPT, detection capabilities have reached impressive levels. However, the reliability of existing detectors in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Junchao Wu , Runzhe Zhan , Derek F. Wong , Shu Yang , Xinyi Yang , Yulin Yuan , Lidia S. Chao

The accurate classification of student help requests with respect to the type of help being sought can enable the tailoring of effective responses. Automatically classifying such requests is non-trivial, but large language models (LLMs)…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jaromir Savelka , Paul Denny , Mark Liffiton , Brad Sheese

Recent studies have highlighted the significant potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) as zero-shot relevance rankers. These methods predominantly utilize prompt learning to assess the relevance between queries and documents by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Dezhi Ye , Junwei Hu , Jiabin Fan , Bowen Tian , Jie Liu , Haijin Liang , Jin Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) for Graph Reasoning have been extensively studied over the past two years, involving enabling LLMs to understand graph structures and reason on graphs to solve various graph problems, with graph algorithm…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yuwei Hu , Xinyi Huang , Zhewei Wei , Yongchao Liu , Chuntao Hong

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention, but the definition of "large" lacks clarity. This paper focuses on medium-sized language models (MLMs), defined as having at least six billion parameters but less than 100…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 René Peinl , Johannes Wirth

Cross-lingual summarization (CLS) aims to generate a summary for the source text in a different target language. Currently, instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) excel at various English tasks. However, unlike languages such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zhecheng Li , Yiwei Wang , Bryan Hooi , Yujun Cai , Naifan Cheung , Nanyun Peng , Kai-wei Chang

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT-4, Claude 3, and LLaMA 4 are increasingly embedded in software/application development, supporting tasks from code generation to debugging. Yet, their real-world effectiveness in detecting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Akshay Mhatre , Noujoud Nader , Patrick Diehl , Deepti Gupta

From pre-trained language model (PLM) to large language model (LLM), the field of natural language processing (NLP) has witnessed steep performance gains and wide practical uses. The evaluation of a research field guides its direction of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Ziyu Zhuang , Qiguang Chen , Longxuan Ma , Mingda Li , Yi Han , Yushan Qian , Haopeng Bai , Zixian Feng , Weinan Zhang , Ting Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed many fields, including natural language processing, computer vision, and reinforcement learning. These models have also made a significant impact in the field of law, where they are being…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Zhongxiang Sun

Understanding the legally relevant factual basis of an event and conveying it through text is a key skill of legal professionals. This skill is important for preparing forms (e.g., insurance claims) or other legal documents (e.g., court…

Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and GPT-4 are versatile and capable of addressing a diverse range of tasks. However, general LLMs, which are developed on open-domain data, may lack the domain-specific knowledge essential for tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Haitao Li , Qingyao Ai , Jia Chen , Qian Dong , Zhijing Wu , Yiqun Liu , Chong Chen , Qi Tian

Notwithstanding their unprecedented ability to generate text, LLMs do not understand the meaning of words, have no sense of context and cannot reason. Their output constitutes an approximation of statistically dominant word patterns. And…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Eliza Mik

Very large language models (LLMs) perform extremely well on a spectrum of NLP tasks in a zero-shot setting. However, little is known about their performance on human-level NLP problems which rely on understanding psychological concepts,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Adithya V Ganesan , Yash Kumar Lal , August Håkan Nilsson , H. Andrew Schwartz

Advances in large language models (LLMs) have empowered a variety of applications. However, there is still a significant gap in research when it comes to understanding and enhancing the capabilities of LLMs in the field of mental health. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Xuhai Xu , Bingsheng Yao , Yuanzhe Dong , Saadia Gabriel , Hong Yu , James Hendler , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Anind K. Dey , Dakuo Wang

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in open-ended scenarios is challenging because existing benchmarks and metrics can not measure them comprehensively. To address this problem, we propose to fine-tune LLMs as scalable judges (JudgeLM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Lianghui Zhu , Xinggang Wang , Xinlong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for educational tasks such as grading, yet their alignment with human evaluation in real classrooms remains underexamined. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using an LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Grace Byun , Swati Rajwal , Jinho D. Choi