English
Related papers

Related papers: BLT: Can Large Language Models Handle Basic Legal …

200 papers

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, often matching or even beating state-of-the-art task-specific models. This study aims at assessing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Ethan Callanan , Amarachi Mbakwe , Antony Papadimitriou , Yulong Pei , Mathieu Sibue , Xiaodan Zhu , Zhiqiang Ma , Xiaomo Liu , Sameena Shah

With the emergence of widely available powerful LLMs, disinformation generated by large Language Models (LLMs) has become a major concern. Historically, LLM detectors have been touted as a solution, but their effectiveness in the real world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Henrique Da Silva Gameiro , Andrei Kucharavy , Ljiljana Dolamic

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a significant advancement in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), demonstrating remarkable capabilities in language generation and other language-centric tasks. Despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Tasnim Ahmed , Nicola Piovesan , Antonio De Domenico , Salimur Choudhury

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable performance on various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, there is a current hot debate regarding their reasoning capacity. In this paper, we examine the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Jessica López Espejel , El Hassane Ettifouri , Mahaman Sanoussi Yahaya Alassan , El Mehdi Chouham , Walid Dahhane

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed text understanding, yet their adaptation to specialized legal domains remains constrained by the cost of full fine-tuning. This study provides a systematic evaluation of fine tuning, parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Noshitha Padma Pratyusha Juttu , Sahithi Singireddy , Sravani Gona , Sujal Timilsina

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly integrated into legal applications, including judicial decision support, legal practice assistance, and public-facing legal services. While LLMs show strong potential in handling legal…

This paper presents a groundbreaking comparison between Large Language Models and traditional legal contract reviewers, Junior Lawyers and Legal Process Outsourcers. We dissect whether LLMs can outperform humans in accuracy, speed, and cost…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Lauren Martin , Nick Whitehouse , Stephanie Yiu , Lizzie Catterson , Rivindu Perera

Recent strides in Large Language Models (LLMs) have saturated many Natural Language Processing (NLP) benchmarks, emphasizing the need for more challenging ones to properly assess LLM capabilities. However, domain-specific and multilingual…

The legal field already uses various large language models (LLMs) in actual applications, but their quantitative performance and reasons for it are underexplored. We evaluated several open-source and proprietary LLMs -- including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Bhakti Khera , Rezvan Alamian , Pascal A. Scherz , Stephan M. Goetz

Laws and their interpretations, legal arguments and agreements\ are typically expressed in writing, leading to the production of vast corpora of legal text. Their analysis, which is at the center of legal practice, becomes increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Ilias Chalkidis , Abhik Jana , Dirk Hartung , Michael Bommarito , Ion Androutsopoulos , Daniel Martin Katz , Nikolaos Aletras

The emergence of Small Language Models (SLMs) as privacy-preserving alternatives for sensitive applications raises a fundamental question about their inherent understanding capabilities compared to Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hong Jia , Shiya Fu , Feng Xia , Vassilis Kostakos , Ting Dang

Recent work has investigated the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) as zero-shot models for generating individual-level characteristics (e.g., to serve as risk models or augment survey datasets). However, when should a user have…

Recently, there has been a growing trend of utilizing Large Language Model (LLM) to evaluate the quality of other LLMs. Many studies have fine-tuned judge models based on open-source LLMs for evaluation. While the fine-tuned judge models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hui Huang , Xingyuan Bu , Hongli Zhou , Yingqi Qu , Jing Liu , Muyun Yang , Bing Xu , Tiejun Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in various natural language tasks, often achieving performances that surpass those of humans. Despite these advancements, the domain of mathematics presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Ankit Satpute , Noah Giessing , Andre Greiner-Petter , Moritz Schubotz , Olaf Teschke , Akiko Aizawa , Bela Gipp

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities, yet there is ongoing debate about these abilities and the potential data contamination problem recently. This paper aims to evaluate the reasoning capacities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yiming Huang , Zhenghao Lin , Xiao Liu , Yeyun Gong , Shuai Lu , Fangyu Lei , Yaobo Liang , Yelong Shen , Chen Lin , Nan Duan , Weizhu Chen

The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI) into the legal profession raises significant questions about the capacity of Large Language Models(LLM) to perform key legal tasks. In this paper, I empirically evaluate how well LLMs, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Rahul Hemrajani

Better understanding of Large Language Models' (LLMs) legal analysis abilities can contribute to improving the efficiency of legal services, governing artificial intelligence, and leveraging LLMs to identify inconsistencies in law. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 John J. Nay , David Karamardian , Sarah B. Lawsky , Wenting Tao , Meghana Bhat , Raghav Jain , Aaron Travis Lee , Jonathan H. Choi , Jungo Kasai

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to substantial progress in domain-specific applications, particularly within the legal domain. However, general-purpose models such as GPT-4 often struggle with specialized subdomains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zixun Lan , Maochun Xu , Yifan Ren , Rui Wu , Jianghui Zhou , Xueyang Cheng , Jianan Ding Ding , Xinheng Wang , Mingmin Chi , Fei Ma

In the U.S. judicial system, a widespread approach to legal interpretation entails assessing how a legal text would be understood by an `ordinary' speaker of the language. Recent scholarship has proposed that legal practitioners leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Abhishek Purushothama , Junghyun Min , Brandon Waldon , Nathan Schneider

Countless terms of service (ToS) are being signed everyday by users all over the world while interacting with all kinds of apps and websites. More often than not, these online contracts spanning double-digit pages are signed blindly by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Mirgita Frasheri , Arian Bakhtiarnia , Lukas Esterle , Alexandros Iosifidis