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We study three variations of the Waring problem for polynomials, concerning the Waring rank, the border rank and the cactus rank of a form and we show how the Lefschetz properties of the associated algebra affect them. The main tool is the…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2020-06-22 Thiago Dias , Rodrigo Gondim

Waring's Problem asks whether, for each positive integer $k$, there exists an integer $s$ such that every positive integer is a sum of at most $k$th powers. While Hilbert proved the existence of such $s$, Waring's Problem has lead to areas…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Owen Root

The $K$-rank of a binary form $f$ in $K[x,y],~K\subseteq \mathbb{C},$ is the smallest number of $d$-th powers of linear forms over $K$ of which $f$ is a $K$-linear combination. We provide lower bounds for the $\mathbb{C}$-rank (Waring rank)…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-05-26 Neriman Tokcan

The paper surveys various Waring type problems in groups, Lie algebras, and associative algebras.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Matej Brešar , Consuelo Mart\' inez

To our knowledge at the time of writing, the maximum Waring rank for the set of all ternary forms of degree $d$ (with coefficients in an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero) is known only for $d\le 4$. The best upper bound…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-05-29 Alessandro De Paris

A Waring decomposition of a (homogeneous) polynomial f is a minimal sum of powers of linear forms expressing f. Under certain conditions, such a decomposition is unique. We discuss some algorithms to compute the Waring decomposition, which…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-10-16 Luke Oeding , Giorgio Ottaviani

A well-known result on Lie Theory states that every finite-dimensional complex solvable Lie algebra can be represented as a matrix Lie algebra, with upper-triangular square matrices as elements. However, this result does not specify which…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2014-04-15 Manuel Ceballos , Juan Núñez , Ángel F. Tenorio

The $N$th power of a polynomial matrix of fixed size and degree can be computed by binary powering as fast as multiplying two polynomials of linear degree in~$N$. When Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is available, the resulting complexity is…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Alin Bostan , Vincent Neiger , Sergey Yurkevich

This paper aims to continue the studies initiated by Botha in [Linear Algebra Appl. 273 (1998), 65-82; Linear Algebra Appl. 286 (1999), 37-44; Linear Algebra Appl. 315 (2000), 1-23] by extending them to matrices over noncommutative division…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-05-16 Tran Nam Son

We significantly strengthen results on the structure of matrix rings over finite fields and apply them to describe the structure of the so-called weakly $n$-torsion clean rings. Specifically, we establish that, for any field $F$ with either…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-03-20 Adel N. Abyzov , Stephen D. Cohen , Peter V. Danchev , Daniel T. Tapkin

We study sums of $k$-potent matrices. We show the conditions by which a complex matrix $A$ can be expressed as a sums of $k$-potent matrices. Also we obtain conditions by which a complex matrix $A$ can be expressed as a sum of finite order…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-05-05 Ivan Gargate , Michael Gargate

Waring problem for forms is important and classical in mathematics. It has been widely investigated because of its wide applications in several areas. In this paper, we consider the Waring problem for binary forms with complex coefficients.…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-01-25 Laura Brustenga i Moncusí , Shreedevi K. Masuti

Waring problem for homogeneus forms asks for additive decomposition of a form $f$ into powers of linear forms. A classical problem is to determine when such a decomposition is unique. In this note I refine the work in arXiv:math/0406288v1…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-11-01 M. Mella

In this paper we compute the sum of the $k$-th powers over any finite commutative unital rings, thus generalizing known results for finite fields, the rings of integers modulo $n$ or the ring of Gaussian integers modulo $n$. As an…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-03-21 Jose Maria Grau , Antonio. M. Oller-Marcen

It is known that every matrix of order n over the maximal order in an algebraic number eld is a sum of k-th powers in various cases if a discriminant condition is satis ed. It has been proved by Wadikar and Katre that for every matrix of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-16 S. A Katre , Deepa Krishnamurthi

Let $\mathcal{Q}$ be a quaternion division algebra over a field, and $n \geq 2$ be an integer. In a recent article, de La Cruz et al have proved that every $n$-by-$n$ matrix with entries in $\mathcal{Q}$ and pure quaternionic trace is the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-08-28 Clément de Seguins Pazzis

Consider the following parameterized counting variation of the classic subset sum problem, which arises notably in the context of higher homotopy groups of topological spaces: Let $\mathbf{v} \in \mathbb{Q}^d$ be a rational vector, $(T_{1},…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Cornelius Brand , Viktoriia Korchemna , Michael Skotnica , Kirill Simonov

For each positive integer $n$, let $g_\Delta(n)$ be the smallest positive integer $g$ such that every complete quadratic polynomial in $n$ variables which can be represented by a sum of odd squares is represented by a sum of at most $g$ odd…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-18 Daejun Kim

The tropical arithmetic operations on $\mathbb{R}$ are defined by $a\oplus b=\min\{a,b\}$ and $a\otimes b=a+b$. Let $A$ be a tropical matrix and $k$ a positive integer, the problem of Tropical Matrix Factorization (TMF) asks whether there…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-07-26 Yaroslav Shitov

Let $M_n(\mathbb{F})$ denote the algebra of $n \times n$ matrices over an algebraically closed field $\mathbb{F}$ of characteristic different from $2$. For $n \ge 2$, we classify all maps $\phi : M_n(\mathbb{F}) \to M_n(\mathbb{F})$…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Ilja Gogić , Mateo Tomašević