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Creating multiple-choice questions to assess reading comprehension of a given article involves generating question-answer pairs (QAPs) and adequate distractors. We present two methods to tackle the challenge of QAP generations: (1) A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Cheng Zhang

We propose a generative machine comprehension model that learns jointly to ask and answer questions based on documents. The proposed model uses a sequence-to-sequence framework that encodes the document and generates a question (answer)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Tong Wang , Xingdi Yuan , Adam Trischler

Current temporal knowledge graph question answering (TKGQA) methods primarily focus on implicit temporal constraints, lacking the capability of handling more complex temporal queries, and struggle with limited reasoning abilities and error…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Zhaoyan Gong , Juan Li , Zhiqiang Liu , Lei Liang , Huajun Chen , Wen Zhang

Legal question answering (QA) has attracted increasing attention from people seeking legal advice, which aims to retrieve the most applicable answers from a large-scale database of question-answer pairs. Previous methods mainly use a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Shiwen Ni , Hao Cheng , Min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have in recent years demonstrated impressive prowess in natural language generation. A common practice to improve generation diversity is to sample multiple outputs from the model. However, there lacks a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Xingdi Yuan , Tong Wang , Yen-Hsiang Wang , Emery Fine , Rania Abdelghani , Pauline Lucas , Hélène Sauzéon , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Answering questions related to the legal domain is a complex task, primarily due to the intricate nature and diverse range of legal document systems. Providing an accurate answer to a legal query typically necessitates specialized knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Bhawna Piryani , Adam Jatowt

In a conversational system, dynamically generating follow-up questions based on context can help users explore information and provide a better user experience. Humans are usually able to ask questions that involve some general life…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Jianyu Liu , Yi Huang , Sheng Bi , Junlan Feng , Guilin Qi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated immense advances in a wide range of natural language tasks. However, these models are susceptible to hallucinations and errors on particularly temporal understanding tasks involving multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Alexandru Dumitru , V Venktesh , Adam Jatowt , Avishek Anand

In this paper, we focus on task-specific question answering (QA). To this end, we introduce a method for generating exhaustive and high-quality training data, which allows us to train compact (e.g., run on a mobile device), task-specific QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Hai X. Pham , Isma Hadji , Xinnuo Xu , Ziedune Degutyte , Jay Rainey , Evangelos Kazakos , Afsaneh Fazly , Georgios Tzimiropoulos , Brais Martinez

Large Language Models (LLMs) generalize well across language tasks, but suffer from hallucinations and uninterpretability, making it difficult to assess their accuracy without ground-truth. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) models have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Jakub Lála , Odhran O'Donoghue , Aleksandar Shtedritski , Sam Cox , Samuel G. Rodriques , Andrew D. White

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in question answering (QA) tasks. However, Multi-Answer Question Answering (MAQA), where a question may have several valid answers, remains challenging. Traditional QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Eviatar Nachshoni , Arie Cattan , Shmuel Amar , Ori Shapira , Ido Dagan

End-to-end dialogue generation has achieved promising results without using handcrafted features and attributes specific for each task and corpus. However, one of the fatal drawbacks in such approaches is that they are unable to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Hao-Tong Ye , Kai-Ling Lo , Shang-Yu Su , Yun-Nung Chen

Multi-hop Question Answering (QA) requires the machine to answer complex questions by finding scattering clues and reasoning from multiple documents. Graph Network (GN) and Question Decomposition (QD) are two common approaches at present.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Jiawei Li , Mucheng Ren , Yang Gao , Yizhe Yang

Annotating long-document question answering (long-document QA) pairs is time-consuming and expensive. To alleviate the problem, it might be possible to generate long-document QA pairs via unsupervised question answering (UQA) methods.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Yuxiang Nie , Heyan Huang , Wei Wei , Xian-Ling Mao

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have pushed the boundaries of natural language processing, especially in long-context understanding. However, the evaluation of these models' long-context abilities remains a challenge due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Cunxiang Wang , Ruoxi Ning , Boqi Pan , Tonghui Wu , Qipeng Guo , Cheng Deng , Guangsheng Bao , Xiangkun Hu , Zheng Zhang , Qian Wang , Yue Zhang

We propose Iterative Facuality Refining on Informative Scientific Question-Answering (ISQA) feedback\footnote{Code is available at \url{https://github.com/lizekai-richard/isqa}}, a method following human learning theories that employs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Zekai Li , Yanxia Qin , Qian Liu , Min-Yen Kan

Open-ended question answering requires models to find appropriate evidence to form wellreasoned, comprehensive and helpful answers. In practical applications, models also need to engage in extended discussions on potential scenarios closely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Mingxu Tao , Dongyan Zhao , Yansong Feng

Question answering (QA) is a high-level ability of natural language processing. Most extractive ma-chine reading comprehension models focus on factoid questions (e.g., who, when, where) and restrict the output answer as a short and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Peng Cui , Dongyao Hu , Le Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offer a promising approach to robust and explainable Question Answering (QA). While LLMs excel at natural language understanding, they suffer from knowledge gaps and hallucinations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jasper Linders , Jakub M. Tomczak

To enhance Large Language Models' (LLMs) reliability, calibration is essential -- the model's assessed confidence scores should align with the actual likelihood of its responses being correct. However, current confidence elicitation methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yukun Huang , Yixin Liu , Raghuveer Thirukovalluru , Arman Cohan , Bhuwan Dhingra