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Recent work has demonstrated state-of-the-art results in large language model (LLM) hallucination detection and mitigation through consistency-based approaches which involve aggregating multiple responses sampled from a single LLM for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Demian Till , John Smeaton , Peter Haubrick , Gouse Saheb , Florian Graef , David Berman

Recent work has shown that layer pruning can effectively compress large language models (LLMs) while retaining strong performance on classification benchmarks, often with little or no finetuning. In contrast, generative reasoning tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Safal Shrestha , Anubhav Shrestha , Aadim Nepal , Minwu Kim , Keith Ross

This paper presents null-shot prompting. Null-shot prompting exploits hallucination in large language models (LLMs) by instructing LLMs to utilize information from the "Examples" section that never exists within the provided context to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Pittawat Taveekitworachai , Febri Abdullah , Ruck Thawonmas

The Achilles heel of Large Language Models (LLMs) is hallucination, which has drastic consequences for the clinical domain. This is particularly important with regards to automatically generating discharge summaries (a lengthy medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Paul Landes , Sitara Rao , Aaron Jeremy Chaise , Barbara Di Eugenio

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) across diverse AI applications is proof of the outstanding achievements obtained in several tasks, such as text mining, text generation, and question answering. However, LLMs are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Alessandro Bruno , Pier Luigi Mazzeo , Aladine Chetouani , Marouane Tliba , Mohamed Amine Kerkouri

Large language models (LLMs) often develop learned mechanisms specialized to specific datasets, such as reliance on domain-specific correlations, which yield high-confidence predictions without generalizable reasoning. While beneficial in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ameen Ali , Shahar Katz , Lior Wolf , Ivan Titov

Since the introduction of ChatGPT, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant utility in various tasks, such as answering questions through retrieval-augmented generation. Context can be retrieved using a vectorized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ming Cheung

Summarization is a core task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and the introduction of large context windows reaching millions of tokens make it possible to process entire books in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Tairan Fu , Javier Conde , Pedro Reviriego , Javier Coronado-Blázquez , Nina Melero , Elena Merino-Gómez

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. To comprehend and execute diverse human instructions over image data, instruction-tuned large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Lei Wang , Jiabang He , Shenshen Li , Ning Liu , Ee-Peng Lim

Large language models (LLMs) frequently produce contextual hallucinations, where generated content contradicts or ignores information explicitly stated in the prompt. Such errors are particularly problematic in deterministic automation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Nils Rautenberg , Sven Schippkus

Hallucination in large language models (LLMs) continues to be a significant issue, particularly in tasks like question answering, where models often generate plausible yet incorrect or irrelevant information. Although various methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Ziqin Luo , Yihao Quan , Xiaofeng Zhang , Xiaosong Yuan , Chen Shen

Instruction-following Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) have achieved significant progress recently on a variety of tasks. These approaches merge strong pre-trained vision models and large language models (LLMs). Since these components…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yiyang Zhou , Chenhang Cui , Rafael Rafailov , Chelsea Finn , Huaxiu Yao

Despite the recent advancement in large language models (LLMs) and their high performances across numerous benchmarks, recent research has unveiled that LLMs suffer from hallucinations and unfaithful reasoning. This work studies a specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Bangzheng Li , Ben Zhou , Fei Wang , Xingyu Fu , Dan Roth , Muhao Chen

The impressive performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various natural language processing tasks comes at the cost of vast computational resources and storage requirements. One-shot pruning techniques offer a way to alleviate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Xiang Meng , Kayhan Behdin , Haoyue Wang , Rahul Mazumder

Large language models (LLMs) can be prone to hallucinations - generating unreliable outputs that are unfaithful to their inputs, external facts or internally inconsistent. In this work, we address several challenges for post-hoc…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Simon Valentin , Jinmiao Fu , Gianluca Detommaso , Shaoyuan Xu , Giovanni Zappella , Bryan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate confident yet inaccurate responses, introducing significant risks for deployment in safety-critical domains. We present a novel, test-time approach to detecting model hallucination through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hazel Kim , Tom A. Lamb , Adel Bibi , Philip Torr , Yarin Gal

Large language models (LLMs) with their strong zero-shot topic extraction capabilities offer an alternative to probabilistic topic modelling and closed-set topic classification approaches. As zero-shot topic extractors, LLMs are expected to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Yida Mu , Peizhen Bai , Kalina Bontcheva , Xingyi Song

With the widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs), hallucinations, which are non-factual fabrications in model outputs, have become serious concerns. Reasoning capabilities have received attention as a self-verification process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Junichiro Niimi

Hallucination is a well-known phenomenon in text generated by large language models (LLMs). The existence of hallucinatory responses is found in almost all application scenarios e.g., summarization, question-answering (QA) etc. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Mobashir Sadat , Zhengyu Zhou , Lukas Lange , Jun Araki , Arsalan Gundroo , Bingqing Wang , Rakesh R Menon , Md Rizwan Parvez , Zhe Feng

Large language models (LLMs) are known to generate plausible but false information across a wide range of contexts, yet the real-world magnitude and consequences of this hallucination problem remain poorly understood. Here we leverage a…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhenyue Zhao , Yihe Wang , Toby Stuart , Mathijs De Vaan , Paul Ginsparg , Yian Yin
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