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The surge in interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) over the past decade has been driven almost exclusively by advances in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). While ANNs set state-of-the-art performance for many previously intractable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Peter G. Stratton , Andrew Wabnitz , Chip Essam , Allen Cheung , Tara J. Hamilton

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) represent the latest generation of neural computation, offering a brain-inspired alternative to conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Unlike ANNs, which depend on continuous-valued signals, SNNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Sales G. Aribe

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) represent a promising paradigm for energy-efficient neuromorphic computing due to their bio-plausible and spike-driven characteristics. However, the robustness of SNNs in complex adversarial environments…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Shuai Wang , Malu Zhang , Yulin Jiang , Dehao Zhang , Ammar Belatreche , Yu Liang , Yimeng Shan , Zijian Zhou , Yang Yang , Haizhou Li

Classifiers trained using conventional empirical risk minimization or maximum likelihood methods are known to suffer dramatic performance degradations when tested over examples adversarially selected based on knowledge of the classifier's…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-01 Alireza Bagheri , Osvaldo Simeone , Bipin Rajendran

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are gaining popularity in deep learning due to their low energy budget on neuromorphic hardware. However, they still face challenges in lacking sufficient robustness to guard safety-critical applications such…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Jianhao Ding , Zhiyu Pan , Yujia Liu , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) show great potential due to their energy efficiency, fast processing capabilities, and robustness. There are two main approaches to constructing SNNs. Direct training methods require much memory, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Zihan Huang , Xinyu Shi , Zecheng Hao , Tong Bu , Jianhao Ding , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) aim to bridge the gap between neuroscience and machine learning by emulating the structure of the human nervous system. However, like convolutional neural networks, SNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Weiran Chen , Qi Xu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) operate with asynchronous discrete events (or spikes) which can potentially lead to higher energy-efficiency in neuromorphic hardware implementations. Many works have shown that an SNN for inference can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Nitin Rathi , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan , Priyadarshini Panda , Kaushik Roy

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) represent a promising approach in machine learning, combining the hierarchical learning capabilities of deep neural networks with the energy efficiency of spike-based computations. Traditional end-to-end…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ruyin Wan , Qian Zhang , George Em Karniadakis

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a more energy-efficient alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by mimicking biological neural principles, establishing them as a promising approach to mitigate the increasing energy demands of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Velibor Bojković , Xiaofeng Wu , Bin Gu

Recently, AI research has primarily focused on large language models (LLMs), and increasing accuracy often involves scaling up and consuming more power. The power consumption of AI has become a significant societal issue; in this context,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Baekryun Seong , Jieung Kim , Sang-Ki Ko

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have shown clear advantages over traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs) for low latency and high computational efficiency, due to their event-driven nature and sparse communication. However, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Jibin Wu , Chenglin Xu , Daquan Zhou , Haizhou Li , Kay Chen Tan

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as the low-power alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) owing to their asynchronous, sparse, and binary information processing. To improve the energy-efficiency and throughput,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Abhiroop Bhattacharjee , Youngeun Kim , Abhishek Moitra , Priyadarshini Panda

Low-latency deep spiking neural networks (SNNs) have become a promising alternative to conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs) because of their potential for increased energy efficiency on event-driven neuromorphic hardware. Neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Souvik Kundu , Massoud Pedram , Peter A. Beerel

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) demonstrates excellent performance on tasks that can be solved by trained policy. It plays a dominant role among cutting-edge machine learning approaches using multi-layer Neural networks (NNs). At the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Devdhar Patel , Hananel Hazan , Daniel J. Saunders , Hava Siegelmann , Robert Kozma

Spiking neural networks are efficient computation models for low-power environments. Spike-based BP algorithms and ANN-to-SNN (ANN2SNN) conversions are successful techniques for SNN training. Nevertheless, the spike-base BP training is slow…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Jianxiong Tang , Jianhuang Lai , Xiaohua Xie , Lingxiao Yang , Wei-Shi Zheng

The ambition of brain-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) is to become a low-power alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This work addresses two major challenges in realizing this vision: the performance gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Man Yao , Xuerui Qiu , Tianxiang Hu , Jiakui Hu , Yuhong Chou , Keyu Tian , Jianxing Liao , Luziwei Leng , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

Bio-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are now demonstrating comparable accuracy to intricate convolutional neural networks (CNN), all while delivering remarkable energy and latency efficiency when deployed on neuromorphic hardware. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Gourav Datta , Zeyu Liu , James Diffenderfer , Bhavya Kailkhura , Peter A. Beerel

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as the low-power alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) because of their sparse, asynchronous, and binary event-driven processing. Due to their energy efficiency, SNNs have a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Youngeun Kim , Joshua Chough , Priyadarshini Panda

Emergence of deep neural networks (DNNs) has raised enormous attention towards artificial neural networks (ANNs) once again. They have become the state-of-the-art models and have won different machine learning challenges. Although these…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Shahriar Rezghi Shirsavar , Abdol-Hossein Vahabie , Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani