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Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly transformed the landscape of artificial intelligence, enabling natural language interfaces and dynamic orchestration of software components. However, their reliance on probabilistic inference limits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Claudionor Coelho , Yanen Li , Philip Tee

Multimodal Named Entity Recognition (MNER) and Multimodal Relation Extraction (MRE) necessitate the fundamental reasoning capacity for intricate linguistic and multimodal comprehension. In this study, we explore distilling the reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Feng Chen , Yujian Feng

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has enabled large language models (LLMs) to utilize additional computation through intermediate tokens to solve complex tasks. However, we posit that typical reasoning traces contain many redundant tokens,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Tergel Munkhbat , Namgyu Ho , Seo Hyun Kim , Yongjin Yang , Yujin Kim , Se-Young Yun

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities, they often struggle with complex tasks that require specific thinking paradigms, such as divide-and-conquer and procedural deduction, \etc Previous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Huangzhao Zhang , Jingjing Xu , Hao Zhu , Lecheng Wang , Jia Li , Yihong Dong , Jing Mai , Bin Gu , Zhi Jin

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have popularized the chain-of-thought (CoT) paradigm, in which models produce explicit reasoning steps in natural language. Although this approach improves interpretability and facilitates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 José I. Orlicki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive mathematical reasoning capabilities, yet their performance remains brittle to minor variations in problem description and prompting strategy. Furthermore, reasoning is vulnerable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Sam Silver , Jimin Sun , Ivan Zhang , Sara Hooker , Eddie Kim

Transferring the reasoning capability from stronger large language models (LLMs) to smaller ones has been quite appealing, as smaller LLMs are more flexible to deploy with less expense. Among the existing solutions, knowledge distillation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yijun Tian , Yikun Han , Xiusi Chen , Wei Wang , Nitesh V. Chawla

System 2 reasoning is one of the defining characteristics of intelligence, which requires slow and logical thinking. Human conducts System 2 reasoning via the language of thoughts that organizes the reasoning process as a causal sequence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chenxi Liu , Yongqiang Chen , Tongliang Liu , James Cheng , Bo Han , Kun Zhang

The cognitive mechanism by which Large Language Models (LLMs) solve mathematical problems remains a widely debated and unresolved issue. Currently, there is little interpretable experimental evidence that connects LLMs' problem-solving with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Wei Xie , Shuoyoucheng Ma , Zhenhua Wang , Enze Wang , Kai Chen , Xiaobing Sun , Baosheng Wang

Chain-of-thought (CoT) distillation allows a large language model (LLM) to guide a small language model (SLM) in reasoning tasks. Existing methods train the SLM to learn the long rationale in one iteration, resulting in two issues: 1) Long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xiao Chen , Sihang Zhou , Ke Liang , Xiaoyu Sun , Xinwang Liu

Distilling explicit chain-of-thought reasoning paths has emerged as an effective method for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) across various tasks. However, when tackling complex tasks that pose significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Jierui Li , Raymond Mooney

This paper investigates the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving complex linguistic puzzles, a domain requiring advanced reasoning and adept translation capabilities akin to human cognitive processes. We explore specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zheng-Lin Lin , Yu-Fei Shih , Shu-Kai Hsieh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to achieve breakthrough performance on complex logical reasoning tasks. Nevertheless, most existing research focuses on employing formal language to guide LLMs to derive reliable reasoning paths,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jin Jiang , Jianing Wang , Yuchen Yan , Yang Liu , Jianhua Zhu , Mengdi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Liangcai Gao

Sequential recommender systems have achieved significant success in modeling temporal user behavior but remain limited in capturing rich user semantics beyond interaction patterns. Large Language Models (LLMs) present opportunities to…

Large language models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning through chain of thought (CoT) prompting. Recently, there has been a growing interest in transferring these reasoning abilities from LLMs to smaller…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Hongzhan Chen , Siyue Wu , Xiaojun Quan , Rui Wang , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) prompted to generate chain-of-thought (CoT) exhibit impressive reasoning capabilities. Recent attempts at prompt decomposition toward solving complex, multi-step reasoning problems depend on the ability of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Gurusha Juneja , Subhabrata Dutta , Soumen Chakrabarti , Sunny Manchanda , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Self-detection for Large Language Models (LLMs) seeks to evaluate the trustworthiness of the LLM's output by leveraging its own capabilities, thereby alleviating the issue of output hallucination. However, existing self-detection approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Moxin Li , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Fengbin Zhu , Qifan Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Reasoning has long been viewed as an emergent property of large language models (LLMs). However, recent studies challenge this assumption, showing that small language models (SLMs) can also achieve competitive reasoning performance. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Gaurav Srivastava , Shuxiang Cao , Xuan Wang

In this paper, we investigate how model distillation impacts the development of reasoning features in large language models (LLMs). To explore this, we train a crosscoder on Qwen-series models and their fine-tuned variants. Our results…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 David D. Baek , Max Tegmark

Knowledge distillation typically involves transferring knowledge from a Large Language Model (LLM) to a Smaller Language Model (SLM). However, in tasks such as text matching, fine-tuned smaller models often yield more effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Mingzhe Li , Jing Xiang , Qishen Zhang , Kaiyang Wan , Xiuying Chen