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Preparing ground states and thermal states is essential for simulating quantum systems on quantum computers. Despite the hope for practical quantum advantage in quantum simulation, popular state preparation approaches have been challenged.…

Preparing the thermal density matrix $\rho_{\beta} \propto e^{-\beta H}$ corresponding to a given Hamiltonian $H$ is a task of central interest across quantum many-body physics, and is particularly salient when attempting to study it with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Dominik Hahn , S. A. Parameswaran , Benedikt Placke

Lindblad dynamics and other open-system dynamics provide a promising path towards efficient Gibbs sampling on quantum computers. In these proposals, the Lindbladian is obtained via an algorithmic construction akin to designing an artificial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Zhiyan Ding , Bowen Li , Lin Lin

We study a qDRIFT-type randomized method to simulate Lindblad dynamics by decomposing its generator into an ensemble of Lindbladians, $\mathcal{L} = \sum_{a \in \mathcal{A}} \mathcal{L}_a$, where each $\mathcal{L}_a$ comprises a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Hongrui Chen , Bowen Li , Jianfeng Lu , Lexing Ying

The preparation of thermal states of matter is a crucial task in quantum simulation. In this work, we prove that a recently introduced, efficiently implementable dissipative evolution thermalizes to the Gibbs state in time scaling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Cambyse Rouzé , Daniel Stilck França , Álvaro M. Alhambra

Gibbs state preparation, or Gibbs sampling, is a key computational technique extensively used in physics, statistics, and other scientific fields. Recent efforts for designing fast mixing Gibbs samplers for quantum Hamiltonians have largely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Yeongwoo Hwang , Jiaqing Jiang

Many physical phenomena, including thermalization in open quantum systems and quantum Gibbs sampling, are modeled by Lindbladians approximating a system weakly coupled to a bath. Understanding the convergence speed of these Lindbladians to…

Gibbs state preparation is an important subroutine in quantum computing. In this work we use the detectability lemma to improve Gibbs state preparation. Specifically, we design new Gibbs state preparation methods that do not rely on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Di Fang , Jianfeng Lu , Yu Tong , Chu Zhao

Systems in thermal equilibrium at non-zero temperature are described by their Gibbs state. For classical many-body systems, the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm gives a Markov process with a local update rule that samples from the Gibbs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Daniel Zhang , Jan Lukas Bosse , Toby Cubitt

Recently, there have been several advancements in quantum algorithms for Gibbs sampling. These algorithms simulate the dynamics generated by an artificial Lindbladian, which is meticulously constructed to obey a detailed-balance condition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Štěpán Šmíd , Richard Meister , Mario Berta , Roberto Bondesan

We analyze the problem of preparing quantum Gibbs states of lattice spin Hamiltonians with local and commuting terms on a quantum computer and in nature. Our central result is an equivalence between the behavior of correlations in the Gibbs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-08 Michael J. Kastoryano , Fernando G. S. L. Brandao

Dissipative quantum algorithms for state preparation in many-body systems are increasingly recognised as promising candidates for achieving large quantum advantages in application-relevant tasks. Recent advances in algorithmic,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Štěpán Šmíd , Richard Meister , Mario Berta , Roberto Bondesan

Preparation of Gibbs distributions is an important task for quantum computation. It is a necessary first step in some types of quantum simulations and further is essential for quantum algorithms such as quantum Boltzmann training. Despite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-04 Anirban N. Chowdhury , Guang Hao Low , Nathan Wiebe

We design a quantum algorithm for ground state preparation in the early fault tolerant regime. As a Monte Carlo-style quantum algorithm, our method features a Lindbladian where the target state is stationary. The construction of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Zhiyan Ding , Chi-Fang Chen , Lin Lin

The presence of energy barriers in the state space of a physical system can lead to exponentially slow convergence for sampling algorithms like Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). In the classical setting, replica exchange (or parallel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Zherui Chen , Joao Basso , Zhiyan Ding , Lin Lin

Sampling from Gibbs states -- states corresponding to system in thermal equilibrium -- has recently been shown to be a task for which quantum computers are expected to achieve super-polynomial speed-up compared to classical computers,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Joel Rajakumar , James D. Watson

The problem of simulating the thermal behavior of quantum systems remains a central open challenge in quantum computing. Unlike well-established quantum algorithms for unitary dynamics, \emph{provably efficient} algorithms for preparing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Dominik Hahn , Ryan Sweke , Abhinav Deshpande , Oles Shtanko

Drawing independent samples from a probability distribution is an important computational problem with applications in Monte Carlo algorithms, machine learning, and statistical physics. The problem can in principle be solved on a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Dominik S. Wild , Dries Sels , Hannes Pichler , Cristian Zanoci , Mikhail D. Lukin

We propose a polynomial-time algorithm for preparing the Gibbs state of the two-dimensional toric code Hamiltonian at any temperature, starting from any initial condition, significantly improving upon prior estimates that suggested…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-02 Zhiyan Ding , Zeph Landau , Bowen Li , Lin Lin , Ruizhe Zhang

Inspired by natural cooling processes, dissipation has become a promising approach for preparing low-energy states of quantum systems. However, the potential of dissipative protocols remains unclear beyond certain commuting Hamiltonians.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Yongtao Zhan , Zhiyan Ding , Jakob Huhn , Johnnie Gray , John Preskill , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan , Lin Lin
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