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Generative retrieval methods utilize generative sequential modeling techniques, such as transformers, to generate candidate items for recommender systems. These methods have demonstrated promising results in academic benchmarks, surpassing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Prabhat Agarwal , Anirudhan Badrinath , Laksh Bhasin , Jaewon Yang , Edoardo Botta , Jiajing Xu , Charles Rosenberg

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieval models for identifying relevant contexts and answer generation models for utilizing those contexts. However, retrievers exhibit imperfect recall and precision, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jerry Huang , Siddarth Madala , Risham Sidhu , Cheng Niu , Hao Peng , Julia Hockenmaier , Tong Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) expands the knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet current static retrieval methods struggle with complex, multi-hop problems. While recent dynamic retrieval strategies offer improvements, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Haijian Liang , Zenghao Niu , Junjie Wu , Changwang Zhang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Jun Wang

Climate decision making is constrained by the complexity and inaccessibility of key information within lengthy, technical, and multi-lingual documents. Generative AI technologies offer a promising route for improving the accessibility of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Matyas Juhasz , Kalyan Dutia , Henry Franks , Conor Delahunty , Patrick Fawbert Mills , Harrison Pim

Designing document identifiers (docids) that carry rich semantic information while maintaining tractable search spaces is a important challenge in generative retrieval (GR). Popular codebook methods address this by building a hierarchical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Yingchen Zhang , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Wenjun Peng , Sen Li , Fuyu Lv , Xueqi Cheng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a critical technique for enhancing large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, practitioners face significant challenges when making RAG deployment decisions. While existing research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Shengming Zhao , Yuchen Shao , Yuheng Huang , Jiayang Song , Zhijie Wang , Chengcheng Wan , Lei Ma

Dense retrieval models, which aim at retrieving the most relevant document for an input query on a dense representation space, have gained considerable attention for their remarkable success. Yet, dense models require a vast amount of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sukmin Cho , Sung Ju Hwang , Jong C. Park

Verifiable generation aims to let the large language model (LLM) generate text with supporting documents, which enables the user to flexibly verify the answer and makes the LLM's output more reliable. Retrieval plays a crucial role in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Xiaonan Li , Changtai Zhu , Linyang Li , Zhangyue Yin , Tianxiang Sun , Xipeng Qiu

Retrieval models are key components of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, which generate search queries, process the documents returned, and generate a response. RAG systems are often dynamic and may involve multiple rounds of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Eugene Yang , Andrew Yates , Dawn Lawrie , James Mayfield , Trevor Adriaanse

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models by grounding their outputs in external documents. These systems, however, remain vulnerable to attacks on the retrieval corpus, such as prompt injection. RAG-based search…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zeyu Shen , Basileal Imana , Tong Wu , Chong Xiang , Prateek Mittal , Aleksandra Korolova

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a powerful technique that enhances downstream task execution by retrieving additional information, such as knowledge, skills, and tools from external sources. Graph, by its intrinsic "nodes connected…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm to enhance large language models (LLMs) by conditioning generation on external evidence retrieved at inference time. While RAG addresses critical limitations of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chaitanya Sharma

Modern commercial platforms typically offer both search and recommendation functionalities to serve diverse user needs, making joint modeling of these tasks an appealing direction. While prior work has shown that integrating search and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Teng Shi , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Yang Song , Enyun Yu

The classical cascading pipeline of retrieve--rerank suffers from a bounded recall problem, stemming from limitations of the first-stage retriever. Most current approaches address the bounded recall problem by improving the first-stage…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mandeep Rathee , V Venktesh , Sean MacAvaney , Avishek Anand

The semantic gap between colloquial user queries and professional legal documents presents a fundamental challenge in Legal Case Retrieval (LCR). Existing dense retrieval methods typically treat LCR as a black-box semantic matching process,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Minghan Li , Tianrui Lv , Chao Zhang , Guodong Zhou

Existing neural ranking models follow the text matching paradigm, where document-to-query relevance is estimated through predicting the matching score. Drawing from the rich literature of classical generative retrieval models, we introduce…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Oleg Lesota , Navid Rekabsaz , Daniel Cohen , Klaus Antonius Grasserbauer , Carsten Eickhoff , Markus Schedl

This paper presents an experience report on the development of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using PDF documents as the primary data source. The RAG architecture combines generative capabilities of Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ayman Asad Khan , Md Toufique Hasan , Kai Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Pekka Abrahamsson

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a common way to ground language models in external documents and up-to-date information. Classical retrieval systems relied on lexical methods such as BM25, which rank documents by term overlap with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Martin Asenov , Kenza Benkirane , Dan Goldwater , Aneiss Ghodsi

Existing information retrieval systems are largely constrained by their reliance on vector inner products to assess query-document relevance, which naturally limits the expressiveness of the relevance score they can produce. We propose a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Julian Killingback , Hansi Zeng , Hamed Zamani

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising framework to mitigate hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its overall performance is dependent on the underlying retrieval system. In the finance domain,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Sejong Kim , Hyunseo Song , Hyunwoo Seo , Hyunjun Kim
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