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Current large multimodal models (LMMs) face challenges in grounding, which requires the model to relate language components to visual entities. Contrary to the common practice that fine-tunes LMMs with additional grounding supervision, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Shengcao Cao , Liang-Yan Gui , Yu-Xiong Wang

Evaluating the scientific discovery capabilities of large language model based agents, particularly how they cope with varying environmental complexity and utilize prior knowledge, requires specialized benchmarks currently lacking in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yimeng Chen , Piotr Piȩkos , Mateusz Ostaszewski , Firas Laakom , Jürgen Schmidhuber

While multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable reasoning progress, their application in specialized scientific domains like physics reveals significant gaps in current evaluation benchmarks. Specifically, existing benchmarks often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Zhongze Luo , Zhenshuai Yin , Yongxin Guo , Zhichao Wang , Jionghao Zhu , Xiaoying Tang

Embodied agents operating in the physical world must make decisions that are not only effective but also safe, spatially coherent, and grounded in context. While recent advances in large multimodal models (LMMs) have shown promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Dinura Dissanayake , Ahmed Heakl , Omkar Thawakar , Noor Ahsan , Ritesh Thawkar , Ketan More , Jean Lahoud , Rao Anwer , Hisham Cholakkal , Ivan Laptev , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Salman Khan

Large language models (LLMs) can provide rich physical descriptions of most worldly objects, allowing robots to achieve more informed and capable grasping. We leverage LLMs' common sense physical reasoning and code-writing abilities to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-10 William Xie , Maria Valentini , Jensen Lavering , Nikolaus Correll

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have rapidly advanced in visual tasks, yet their spatial understanding remains limited to single images, leaving them ill-suited for physical-world applications that require multi-frame reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Runsen Xu , Weiyao Wang , Hao Tang , Xingyu Chen , Xiaodong Wang , Fu-Jen Chu , Matt Feiszli , Kevin J. Liang

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary vision-language understanding capabilities, their abilities to solve instance-level visual-language problems beyond a single image warrant further exploration.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yunqiu Xu , Linchao Zhu , Yi Yang

Spatial consistency is a fundamental property of the visual world and a key requirement for models that aim to understand physical reality. Despite recent advances, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often struggle to reason about 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Om Khangaonkar , Hadi J. Rad , Hamed Pirsiavash

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising reasoning abilities, yet evaluating their performance in specialized domains remains challenging. STEM reasoning is a particularly valuable testbed because it provides highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jing Jin , Hao Liu , Yan Bai , Yihang Lou , Zhenke Wang , Tianrun Yuan , Juntong Chen , Yongkang Zhu , Fanhu Zeng , Xuanyu Zhu , Tao Feng , Yige Xu

GRAFT is a structured multimodal benchmark designed to probe how well LLMs handle instruction following, visual reasoning, and tasks requiring tight visual textual alignment. The dataset is built around programmatically generated charts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Abhigya Verma , Sriram Puttagunta , Seganrasan Subramanian , Sravan Ramachandran

Developments in Graph-Language Models (GLMs) aim to integrate the structural reasoning capabilities of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with the semantic understanding of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, we demonstrate that current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Soham Petkar , Hari Aakash K , Anirudh Vempati , Akshit Sinha , Ponnurangam Kumarauguru , Chirag Agarwal

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (LVLMs) have shown promise across many tasks, yet their scientific reasoning capabilities remain untested, particularly in multimodal settings. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xinwu Ye , Chengfan Li , Siming Chen , Wei Wei , Xiangru Tang

Endowing Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) with visual grounding capability can significantly enhance AIs' understanding of the visual world and their interaction with humans. However, existing methods typically fine-tune the parameters of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Size Wu , Sheng Jin , Wenwei Zhang , Lumin Xu , Wentao Liu , Wei Li , Chen Change Loy

Do vision--language models (VLMs) develop more human-like sensitivity to linguistic concreteness than text-only large language models (LLMs) when both are evaluated with text-only prompts? We study this question with a controlled comparison…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Aryan Roy , Zekun Wang , Christopher J. MacLellan

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in understanding various types of image, including text-rich images. Most existing text-rich image benchmarks are simple extraction-based question answering, and many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Jian Chen , Ruiyi Zhang , Yufan Zhou , Ryan Rossi , Jiuxiang Gu , Changyou Chen

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in fine-grained visual understanding across a range of tasks. However, they often encounter significant challenges due to inadequate alignment for fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Wei Wang , Zhaowei Li , Qi Xu , Linfeng Li , YiQing Cai , Botian Jiang , Hang Song , Xingcan Hu , Pengyu Wang , Li Xiao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, including software development, education, and technical assistance. Among these, software development is one of the key areas where LLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Inpyo Song , Eunji Jeon , Jangwon Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are unable to reliably reason about specific physical systems. Attempts to imbue LLMs with knowledge of the necessary physics concepts have shown great promise, but explainability and validation remain open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sean Memery , Kartic Subr

This paper explores the spatial reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) over textual input through a suite of five tasks aimed at probing their spatial understanding and computational abilities. The models were tested on both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Maggie Bai , Ava Kim Cohen , Eleanor Koss , Charlie Lichtenbaum