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Instrumental variable (IV) methods offer a valuable approach to account for outcome data missing not-at-random. A valid missing data instrument is a measured factor which (i) predicts the nonresponse process and (ii) is independent of the…

Treatment effect heterogeneity is central to policy evaluation, social science, and precision medicine, where interventions can affect individuals differently. In observational studies, covariates, treatment, and outcomes are often only…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Shuozhi Zuo , Yixin Wang , Fan Yang

Dynamical modelling lies at the heart of our understanding of physical systems. Its role in science is deeper than mere operational forecasting, in that it allows us to evaluate the adequacy of the mathematical structure of our models.…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-06-05 Hailiang Du , Leonard A. Smith

Data analysis based on information from several sources is common in economic and biomedical studies. This setting is often referred to as the data fusion problem, which differs from traditional missing data problems since no complete data…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-07 Wei Li , Shanshan Luo , Wangli Xu

Missing data are frequently encountered in various disciplines and can be divided into three categories: missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR) and missing not at random (MNAR). Valid statistical approaches to missing…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-28 Hairu Wang , Zhiping Lu , Yukun Liu

Missing data is a crucial issue when applying machine learning algorithms to real-world datasets. Starting from the simple assumption that two batches extracted randomly from the same dataset should share the same distribution, we leverage…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-02 Boris Muzellec , Julie Josse , Claire Boyer , Marco Cuturi

Several statistical models are given in the form of unnormalized densities, and calculation of the normalization constant is intractable. We propose estimation methods for such unnormalized models with missing data. The key concept is to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-11 Masatoshi Uehara , Takeru Matsuda , Jae Kwang Kim

Semi-parametric methods are often used for the estimation of intervention effects on correlated outcomes in cluster-randomized trials (CRTs). When outcomes are missing at random (MAR), Inverse Probability Weighted (IPW) methods…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-01-27 Melanie Prague , Rui Wang , Alisa Stephens , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen , Victor DeGruttola

The missing data problem has been broadly studied in the last few decades and has various applications in different areas such as statistics or bioinformatics. Even though many methods have been developed to tackle this challenge, most of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-10 Thu Nguyen , Khoi Minh Nguyen-Duy , Duy Ho Minh Nguyen , Binh T. Nguyen , Bruce Alan Wade

Nonmonotone missing data arise routinely in empirical studies of social and health sciences, and when ignored, can induce selection bias and loss of efficiency. In practice, it is common to account for nonresponse under a missing-at-random…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-07-20 Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen , Linbo Wang , BaoLuo Sun

Industrial applications of machine learning face unique challenges due to the nature of raw industry data. Preprocessing and preparing raw industrial data for machine learning applications is a demanding task that often takes more time and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Philipp Fleck , Manfred Kügel , Michael Kommenda

Longitudinal or panel data can be represented as a matrix with rows indexed by units and columns indexed by time. We consider inferential questions associated with the missing data version of panel data induced by staggered adoption. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-02 Yuling Yan , Martin J. Wainwright

This paper proposes a general multiple imputation approach for analyzing large-scale data with missing values. An imputation model is derived from a joint distribution induced by a latent variable model, which can flexibly capture…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-26 Siliang Zhang , Yunxiao Chen , Jouni Kuha

The covariance matrix is a foundation in numerous statistical and machine-learning applications such as Principle Component Analysis, Correlation Heatmap, etc. However, missing values within datasets present a formidable obstacle to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-22 Tuan L. Vo , Quan Huu Do , Uyen Dang , Thu Nguyen , Pål Halvorsen , Michael A. Riegler , Binh T. Nguyen

Parameter identifiability refers to the capability of accurately inferring the parameter values of a model from its observations (data). Traditional analysis methods exploit analytical properties of the closed form model, in particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Nikolaos Evangelou , Alexander M. Stankovic , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis , Mark K. Transtrum

Envelope method was recently proposed as a method to reduce the dimension of responses in multivariate regressions. However, when there exists missing data, the envelope method using the complete case observations may lead to biased and…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-25 Linquan Ma , Lan Liu , Wei Yang

We study semi-parametric estimation of the population mean when data is observed missing at random (MAR) in the $n < p$ "inconsistency regime", in which neither the outcome model nor the propensity/missingness model can be estimated…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Michael Celentano , Martin J. Wainwright

Causal inference is made challenging by confounding, selection bias, and other complications. A common approach to addressing these difficulties is the inclusion of auxiliary data on the superpopulation of interest. Such data may measure a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-16 Jaron J. R. Lee , AmirEmad Ghassami , Ilya Shpitser

Commonly used methods to analyze incomplete longitudinal clinical trial data include complete case analysis (CC) and last observation carried forward (LOCF). However, such methods rest on strong assumptions, including missing completely at…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Ivy Jansen , Caroline Beunckens , Geert Molenberghs , Geert Verbeke , Craig Mallinckrodt

Many important datasets contain samples that are missing one or more feature values. Maintaining the interpretability of machine learning models in the presence of such missing data is challenging. Singly or multiply imputing missing values…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Hayden McTavish , Jon Donnelly , Margo Seltzer , Cynthia Rudin