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We will argue that a phenomenological analysis of consciousness, similar to that of Husserl, shows that the effects of phenomenal qualities shape our perception of the world. It also shows the way the physical and mathematical sciences…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Rodolfo Gambini , Jorge Pullin

It is well known that normality can be described as incompressibility via finite automata. Still the statement and the proof of this result as given by Becher and Heiber (2013) in terms of "lossless finite-state compressors" do not follow…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Alexander Kozachinskiy , Alexander Shen

Recent advancements in machine learning have emphasized the need for transparency in model predictions, particularly as interpretability diminishes when using increasingly complex architectures. In this paper, we propose leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Chenrui Zhu , Louenas Bounia , Vu Linh Nguyen , Sébastien Destercke , Arthur Hoarau

Various measures can be used to estimate bias or unfairness in a predictor. Previous work has already established that some of these measures are incompatible with each other. Here we show that, when groups differ in prevalence of the…

Applications · Statistics 2017-09-13 Thomas Miconi

Within psychology, neuroscience and artificial intelligence, there has been increasing interest in the proposal that the brain builds probabilistic models of sensory and linguistic input: that is, to infer a probabilistic model from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Paul M. B. Vitanyi , Nick Chater

One explanation for the impressive recent boom in network theory might be that it provides a promising tool for an understanding of complex systems. Network theory is mainly focusing on discrete large-scale topological structures rather…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-25 Stefan Thurner

This is a review of the issue of randomness in quantum mechanics, with special emphasis on its ambiguity; for example, randomness has different antipodal relationships to determinism, computability, and compressibility. Following a…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Klaas Landsman

A key component of mathematical reasoning is the ability to formulate interesting conjectures about a problem domain at hand. In this paper, we give a brief overview of a theory exploration system called QuickSpec, which is able to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Moa Johansson , Nicholas Smallbone

Quantum theory makes the most accurate empirical predictions and yet it lacks simple, comprehensible physical principles from which the theory can be uniquely derived. A broad class of probabilistic theories exist which all share some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-17 Borivoje Dakic , Caslav Brukner

This paper presents a theory of systemic undecidability, reframing incomputability as a structural property of systems rather than a localized feature of specific functions or problems. We define a notion of causal embedding and prove a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Seth Bulin

The fundamental impasses and ruptures in various domains of the canonical, unitary science, or the 'end of science', become the more and more evident. The natural unity of being is recovered within a universal nonperturbative method leading…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei P. Kirilyuk

Instead of static entropy we assert that the Kolmogorov complexity of a static structure such as a solid is the proper measure of disorder (or chaoticity). A static structure in a surrounding perfectly-random universe acts as an interfering…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-05-13 Joel Ratsaby

Criticisms of so called `subjective probability' come on the one hand from those who maintain that probability in physics has only a frequentistic interpretation, and, on the other, from those who tend to `objectivise' Bayesian theory,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-06 G. D'Agostini

We provide a unified framework in which the three emotions at the heart of narrative tension (curiosity, suspense and surprise) are formalized. This framework is built on nonmonotonic reasoning which allows us to compactly represent the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Florence Dupin de Saint-Cyr , Anne-Gwenn Bosser , Benjamin Callac , Eric Maisel

This contribution derives from a rather extensive study on the foundations of probability. We start by discussing critically the two main models of the random event in Probability Theroy and cast light over a number of incongruities. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Paolo Rocchi , Leonida Gianfagna

There has not been an established mathematical measure of evidence. Some Bayesians have argued that probability can be an objectively correct measure of ``rational degrees of belief,'' which we do not distinguish from evidence. However,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Christopher D. Fiorillo , Min Sheo Choi , Jaime Gomez-Ramirez

When a large number of similar entities interact among each other and with their environment at a low scale, unexpected outcomes at higher spatio-temporal scales might spontaneously arise. This nontrivial phenomenon, known as emergence,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-05-25 Oriol Artime , Manlio De Domenico

The human mind is known to be sensitive to complexity. For instance, the visual system reconstructs hidden parts of objects following a principle of maximum simplicity. We suggest here that higher cognitive processes, such as the selection…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-08-10 Jean-Louis Dessalles

Information is everywhere in nature which is very uncertain and unpredictable. But information, in itself, is a very ambiguous term. In this cursory write-up, we attempt to understand the formal meaning of information by quantifying…

Classical Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Sagar Chakraborty

I argue that data becomes temporarily interesting by itself to some self-improving, but computationally limited, subjective observer once he learns to predict or compress the data in a better way, thus making it subjectively simpler and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-04-15 Juergen Schmidhuber
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