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Spherical and hyperspherical data are commonly encountered in diverse applied research domains, underscoring the vital task of assessing independence within such data structures. In this context, we investigate the properties of test…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-23 Marija Cuparić , Bruno Ebner , Bojana Milošević

Multivariate time series data that capture the temporal evolution of interconnected systems are ubiquitous in diverse areas. Understanding the complex relationships and potential dependencies among co-observed variables is crucial for the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-03 Zhaolu Liu , Robert L. Peach , Felix Laumann , Sara Vallejo Mengod , Mauricio Barahona

Conditional independence testing is an important problem, especially in Bayesian network learning and causal discovery. Due to the curse of dimensionality, testing for conditional independence of continuous variables is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Kun Zhang , Jonas Peters , Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schoelkopf

Conditional independence is a fundamental concept in many areas of statistical research, including, for example, sufficient dimension reduction, causal inference, and statistical graphical models. In many modern applications, data arise in…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Yin Tang , Bing Li

This work investigates the problem of testing whether $d$ functional random variables are jointly independent using a modified estimator of the $d$-variable Hilbert Schmidt Indepedence Criterion ($d$HSIC) which generalizes HSIC for the case…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-08-16 Terence Kevin Manfoumbi Djonguet , Guy Martial Nkiet

Measuring conditional independence is one of the important tasks in statistical inference and is fundamental in causal discovery, feature selection, dimensionality reduction, Bayesian network learning, and others. In this work, we explore…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-18 Tianhong Sheng , Bharath K. Sriperumbudur

Two-sample and independence tests with the kernel-based MMD and HSIC have shown remarkable results on i.i.d. data and stationary random processes. However, these statistics are not directly applicable to non-stationary random processes, a…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-05 Felix Laumann , Julius von Kügelgen , Mauricio Barahona

We propose a new conditional dependence measure and a statistical test for conditional independence. The measure is based on the difference between analytic kernel embeddings of two well-suited distributions evaluated at a finite set of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-17 Meyer Scetbon , Laurent Meunier , Yaniv Romano

Independence testing plays a central role in statistical and causal inference from observational data. Standard independence tests assume that the data samples are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) but that assumption is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-04 Ragib Ahsan , Zahra Fatemi , David Arbour , Elena Zheleva

Dependence measures based on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, also known as Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion and denoted HSIC, are widely used to statistically decide whether or not two random vectors are dependent. Recently,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Mélisande Albert , Béatrice Laurent , Amandine Marrel , Anouar Meynaoui

Testing the dependency between two random variables is an important inference problem in statistics since many statistical procedures rely on the assumption that the two samples are independent. To test whether two samples are independent,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-04 Jin-Ting Zhang , Tianming Zhu

We investigate the problem of testing whether $d$ random variables, which may or may not be continuous, are jointly (or mutually) independent. Our method builds on ideas of the two variable Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC) but…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-07 Niklas Pfister , Peter Bühlmann , Bernhard Schölkopf , Jonas Peters

A new non parametric approach to the problem of testing the independence of two random process is developed. The test statistic is the Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC), which was used previously in testing independence for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-06-18 Kacper Chwialkowski , Arthur Gretton

In this paper, we present the general theory of embedding independence tests on Hilbert spaces that generalizes the concepts of distance covariance, distance multivariance and HSIC. This is done by defining new types of kernel on an $n$…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-14 Jean Carlo Guella

We describe a data-efficient, kernel-based approach to statistical testing of conditional independence. A major challenge of conditional independence testing is to obtain the correct test level (the specified upper bound on the rate of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Roman Pogodin , Antonin Schrab , Yazhe Li , Danica J. Sutherland , Arthur Gretton

Kernel-based conditional independence (KCI) testing is a powerful nonparametric method commonly employed in causal discovery tasks. Despite its flexibility and statistical reliability, cubic computational complexity limits its application…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Oliver Schacht , Biwei Huang

Measuring and testing dependence between complex objects is of great importance in modern statistics. Most existing work relied on the distance between random variables, which inevitably required the moment conditions to guarantee the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-19 Yilin Zhang , Songshan Yang

Conditional independence (CI) is central to causal inference, feature selection, and graphical modeling, yet it is untestable in many settings without additional assumptions. Existing CI tests often rely on restrictive structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Alek Frohlich , Vladimir Kostic , Karim Lounici , Daniel Perazzo , Massimiliano Pontil

Representations of probability measures in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces provide a flexible framework for fully nonparametric hypothesis tests of independence, which can capture any type of departure from independence, including…

Computation · Statistics 2018-06-11 Qinyi Zhang , Sarah Filippi , Arthur Gretton , Dino Sejdinovic

Independence testing is a classical statistical problem that has been extensively studied in the batch setting when one fixes the sample size before collecting data. However, practitioners often prefer procedures that adapt to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-21 Aleksandr Podkopaev , Patrick Blöbaum , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan , Aaditya Ramdas
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